みなさま、
以下、「今週のビルマのニュース」（2010年8月27日【1032号】）を転送させて
いただきます。
（重複の際はご容赦ください。）
ＰＦＢ事務局
http://www1.jca.apc.org/pfb/
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
ビルマ情報ネットワークの「今週のビルマのニュース」をお送りします。
ビルマ情報ネットワーク
秋元由紀
ビルマ情報ネットワーク
ウェブサイト http://www.burmainfo.org
ツイッター http://twitter.com/BurmaInfoJapan
========================================
今週のビルマのニュース Eメール版
2010年8月27日【1032号】
========================================
【スーチー氏「NLDを支持するなら棄権を」】
・民主化運動指導者アウンサンスーチー氏が「総選挙で
国民民主連盟（NLD）に投票したかったという人は棄権
したらどうか」と提案したと、24日に氏と面会した弁護人
が述べた。氏はまた、国民は選挙プロセスをよく観察し、
自由公正でない場合には声を上げるべきだと述べたという
（25日AFPほか）。
【NDF議長は立候補を取りやめ 選管委が妨害】
・選挙管理委員会が国民民主勢力（NDF）の幹部4人に対し、
過去に問われた反逆罪について赦免を求める申請を再度しなけ
れば立候補できないと通告していた件で、同党のキンマウンスウェ
議長は「再申請しても立候補は認められないだろう」として
再申請せず、選挙への出馬をあきらめた（25日ミジマ）。
【背景】NDFは解党したNLDの元党員が結成し7月に政党
登録を認められた。90年の総選挙でNLDが大勝利した際、
現NDFの4人もNLDから当選したが、選挙結果を受けて
軍政に代わる政府を樹立しようとしたことが反逆罪だとされ、
禁固刑に服した。
【岡田外相「色々努力してきたが全く顧みられない」】
・岡田外相は20日の記者会見で、現状下で総選挙が
行われた場合その結果を認めるかとの質問に対し「選挙が
開かれ公正だったかと、その結果を認めるかとは別の話」
とした上で「［結果が］無効というのはよほどのことがない
限り他国が言うべき言葉ではない」と述べた。また総選挙の
自由公正な実施に向けての日本の役割について「色々な努力
をしてきたにもかかわらず全く顧みられないことは大変遺憾。
今後は日本の考え方を伝える以上に出来る余地は少ないかも
しれない」と述べた（外務省発表概要）。
【国境警備隊問題 軍政、ワ軍に新たな期限を提示】
・ワ州連合軍（UWSA）高官によれば、軍政は同軍に対し
「9月4日までに国境警備隊への編入に合意しなければ違法団体
とみなす」と通告した。UWSAに応じる意向はない模様
（26日ミジマほか）。
【到着ビザ発給が休止へ】
・5月に始まった空港での到着ビザ発給が9月から休止される。
11月7日の選挙投票日を前に外国人の入国を制限する目的とみられる
（25日共同）。
【注目の記事】
「ミャンマー東部の少数民族・カレン人難民 深刻な医薬品不足」
毎日新聞8月26日夕刊、カラー
【ビルマへの政府開発援助（ODA）約束状況など】
8月20日 ラングーン（ヤンゴン）管区
学校再建のため約11万ドルの草の根無償資金協力
【イベント情報】
・ドキュメンタリー『ピュア ビルマ難民キャンプの子どもたち』 上映・講演会
アムネスティ岐阜グループほか共催
（JR岐阜駅東隣 ハートフルスクエアーＧ、28日10時半～）
・渋谷敦志写真展「明日があるから 国境に生きるビルマ難民は今」
（川崎市アートセンター、28日～9月10日9時半～19時半。28日にトークショー)
・在日ビルマ人製作映画『悲しみと涙の川エヤーワディー』
（日本語字幕付）上映会
（南大塚ホール、29日13時半～、16時～、18時半～／3回上映）
・ビルマの歴史学習会
講師：根本敬（上智大学教授）
主催：ビルマの歴史を学ぶ会
（千代田区外神田・世橋区民会館4階和室、29日14時～）
・メータオクリニック支援の会
現地スタッフ帰国報告会及び総会
発表者：田辺文医師、フォトジャーナリスト渋谷敦志氏
（JICA地球ひろばセミナールーム303、9月5日15時～、報告会は16時～）
・第14回ビルマ市民フォーラム総会
総選挙を前にしたビルマ最新情勢 「希望もなく、やる意味もない、ビルマの儀礼的
総選挙（仮題）」
根本 敬ほか
（文京シビックセンター内5階会議室AB、9月25日18時半～）
・第11回ビルマの国民的行事「ダディンジュ祭」
主催：国民民主連盟（解放地域）日本支部
（日比谷公園 小音楽堂・広場、9月26日11時～）
【もっと詳しい情報は】
☆Twitter公式アカウントはこちらです
http://twitter.com/BurmaInfoJapan
「きょうのビルマのニュース」
http://www.burmainfo.org/news/today.php?mode=2
ビルマ情報ネットワーク
http://www.burmainfo.org/
【お問い合わせ】
ビルマ情報ネットワーク 秋元由紀
====================================
今週のビルマのニュース Eメール版
2010年8月27日【1032号】
作成： ビルマ情報ネットワーク
協力： ビルマ市民フォーラム
====================================
【来週は休刊】次号は9月10日に発行予定です。
☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
配布元 ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo） http://www.burmainfo.org
連絡先 listmaster@burmainfo.org
バックナンバー http://groups.yahoo.co.jp/group/burmainfo/
Twitter http://twitter.com/BurmaInfoJapan
RSSフィード
・新着情報 http://www.burmainfo.org/news_rss.php
・日刊ニュース http://www.burmainfo.org/news/today.php
・週刊ニュース http://www.burmainfo.org/news/this_week.php
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
▽転載について
・ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo）のメールマガジンの転載・再配布は、必ず出典を明記したうえで行ってください。
・不特定多数に配付する印刷物や、新聞、雑誌、機関紙（誌）などに掲載の際は、必ずご連絡ください。
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
▽メーリングリストの参加・退会・アドレス変更については以下をご覧ください。
http://www.burmainfo.org/about/mailmagazine.php
※手動での変更手続は行っておりませんが、どうしても解決できない問題が
あるときや、疑問点がある場合は管理者宛にご連絡ください。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Monday, August 30, 2010
Fw: [BurmaInfo] 今週のビルマのニュース（1032号）スーチー氏「NLDを支持するなら棄権を」 軍政、ワ軍に新たな期限を提示 到着ビザ発給休止へ ほかMonday, 30 August, 2010, 2:34 PM
Sunday, August 22, 2010
The Fourth Snow
ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေအာင္ဆန္းကိုလုပ္ႀကံခဲ့တဲ့ ဂဋဳန္ဦးေစာေႀကာင့္ သမီးေဘဘီေစာဘဝတသက္လံုး မ်က္ႏွာငယ္ခဲ့ရဘူးပါတယ္။
အာဏာရွင္ေတြရဲ႕သားသမီးေတြလည္း မြန္ဂိုလီယားႏိုင္ငံကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြရဲ႕သားသမီးေတြလို
အနာဂတ္ကိုက်ယ္က်ယ္ၿပန္႔ၿပန္႔စဥ္းစားႏိုင္ႀကပါေစ။
Folks,
Please open the file. PDF file better than ---------
regards, AMW
သမိုင္းေႀကာင္းအဆက္ဆက္ဆီက ေဒသဆိုင္ရာလႊမ္းမိုးမႈ အေႀကာင္းေတြေဆြးေႏြးႀကတယ္။
ႏိုင္ငံတြင္းမွာ သက္ေရာက္လာႏိုင္မဲ့ အရိပ္ေတြအားလံုးကို ဖမ္းယူႀကည့္ႀကတယ္။ ႏိုင္ငံေရးသိပၸံ သုေတသနစာတမ္းေတြမွာ
အခ်က္အလက္မ်ားကိုေလ့လာၿခင္း ( Functional analysis) နဲ႔ ဆက္စပ္ဖြဲ႔စည္းမႈမ်ားကိုေလ့လာၿခင္း ( Structural analysis) ဆိုတဲ့ ရႈေထာင့္ေတြကို ကိုင္စြဲၿပီး သံုးသပ္တင္ၿပေလ့ရိွတယ္။ ကစားပြဲကို ကစားမဲ့သူေတြဟာ ရႈေထာင့္ႏွစ္ခုလံုးက အခ်က္အလက္ေတြကို
သိသာထင္ရွားေစမဲ့ ၿမင္ကြင္းေတြမွာ ခင္းက်င္းစဥ္းစားႀကည့္တယ္။
(၁) ဘယ္ဇာတ္ေကာင္ေတြ၊ ဘယ္အဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြက အနာဂတ္မွာ အရိွန္ၿပင္းတဲ့အရာေတြၿဖစ္လာမလဲ၊
(၂) ဒီအဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြ ကို ယွဥ္ၿပိဳင္ႏိုင္မဲ့ စီးပြားေရး၊ ႏိုင္ငံေရး၊ လူမႈေရးလႈပ္ရွားမႈေတြကို ဘယ္လိုဖန္တီးႀကမလဲ
ဆိုတဲ့ ေမးခြန္းႏွစ္ခုက အဓိက စဥ္းစားရမဲ့အရာေတြၿဖစ္လာခဲ့တယ္။
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
စတုတၴႏွင္းမ်ား --------
ဒီဇင္ဘာလကိုေရာက္ၿပီ ဆိုရင္ “အူလန္ဘာတာ” လို႔ေခၚတဲ့ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္မွာ ႏွင္းမႈန္ေတြဖြဖြေလးက်ေနတယ္။
တခါတုန္းက ဒီေနရာေလးကို ဗဟိုၿပဳၿပီး ဂ်င္ဂ်စ္ခန္ ရဲ႕ ၿမင္းအရိုင္းခြာသံေတြဆူညံေနခဲ့တယ္။ ၿမင္းကုန္းႏွီးေပၚမွာ အိပ္ယာတခုလို အိပ္စက္၊ ေသြးစက္ေတြ အဆက္မၿပတ္စီးဆင္းေနတဲ့ ဓါးသြားေအာက္မွာ သူတို႔ရဲ႕အိပ္မက္ေတြ၊ အာရွတိုက္ကိုေက်ာ္ၿပီး ကမၻာအႏွံ႔ခ်ဲ႕ထြင္ၿဖန္႔က်က္ခဲ့တယ္။
ဆယ္စုႏွစ္ေတြၿဖတ္သန္းသြားခဲ့တယ္။
အင္ပါယာေတြ ႀကီးထြားလာခဲ့တယ္။ အင္ပါယာေတြက်ဆံုးခဲ့တယ္။
စစ္ပြဲေတြဖန္တီးခဲ့တဲ့ သူေတြအတြက္ ကံႀကမၼာရဲ႕အလွည့္အေၿပာင္းေတြ ေရာက္လာတယ္။
ဒဏ္ရာအနာတရေတြနဲ႔ၿပန္လည္ဆုတ္ခြာခဲ့ႀကတယ္။ စစ္ရႈံးမႈရဲ႕အက်ိဳးဆက္အၿဖစ္ႏိုင္ငံတြင္းမွာ စီးပြားေရး၊ လႈမႈေရး ၿပႆနာေတြ ေနာက္ဆက္တြဲပါလာတယ္။ မြန္ဂိုအင္ပါယာထဲမွာ ဘုရင္ပိုင္ႏိုင္ငံေတြ ကြဲအက္ေပၚထြက္လာခဲ့တယ္။
ဒုတိယႏွင္း
ရာစုႏွစ္ေတြေၿပာင္းသြားတိုင္း နယ္ပယ္ခ်ဲ႕ထြင္မႈ သမိုင္းအသစ္ေတြကလည္း ပံုစံမ်ိဳးစံုနဲ႔ေရာက္လာတယ္။
မန္ခ်ဴးစစ္သည္ေတာ္ေတြ နဲ႔ ခ်င္မင္းဆက္ လက္ေအာက္မွာ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕အတြင္းပိုင္းနဲ႔အၿပင္ပိုင္းေဒသေတြကို အပိုင္းပိုင္းခြဲ
အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ဖို႔ႀကိဳးစားခဲ့ႀကတယ္။ တခါတုန္းက နယ္ခ်ဲ႕အရိုင္းအစိုင္းမ်ား လို႔ နာမည္ႀကီးခဲ့တဲ့ ဂ်င္ဂ်စ္ခန္ ရဲ႕ မြန္ဂိုစစ္တပ္ဟာ ကြ်န္ဘဝကို က်ေရာက္သြားၿပန္တယ္။ ႏွင္းအရိုင္းရာသီေတြ ဆယ္စုႏွစ္ေတြဆီ တိုက္စားသြားခဲ့ၿပန္တယ္။ႏွစ္ဆယ္ရာစုရဲ႕အေစာပိုင္းကာလထဲမွာ
ၿဖစ္ပြားေတာ့မဲ့ ပထမကမၻာစစ္အတြက္ နယ္ေၿမလႊမ္းမိုးအားၿပိဳင္မႈေတြအတြက္ စတင္ၿပင္ဆင္ႀကေတာ့တယ္။
ခ်င္မင္းဆက္ၿပိဳက်သြားတဲ့ ၁၉၁၁ ခုႏွစ္မွာ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားနဲ႔ တိဘက္ ႏိုင္ငံေတြက လြတ္လပ္ေရးေႀကၿငာခဲ့တယ္။
ဒါေပမဲ့ တရုတ္အစိုးရက လက္မခံခဲ့ဘူး။
တတိယႏွင္း
၁၉၁၇ မွာ ၿဖစ္ပြားခဲ့တဲ့ ရုရွားေဘာ္လ္ရွီဗစ္ေတာ္လွန္ေရးက (၂၀) ရာစုရဲ႕ကမၻာ့ေၿမပံုေတြကို ေၿပာင္းလဲပစ္ခဲ့တယ္။
ၿပည္တြင္းစစ္မွာ စစ္ရႈံးလာတဲ့ ရုရွားၿဖဴေတြ၊မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ေၿမာက္ပိုင္းဆီကို ဆုတ္ခြာတပ္စြဲလာခဲ့တယ္။
တရုတ္ၿပည္ကလည္း မြန္ဂိုလီယားအတြင္းပိုင္းေဒသေတြကို ခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္သိမ္းဆည္းထားဆဲၿဖစ္တယ္။
ရုရွားၿပည္တြင္းစစ္ကို အႏိုင္ရလိုက္တဲ့ လီနင္ရဲ႕တပ္နီေတာ္ေတြ သူတို႔ရဲ႕အင္ပါယာသစ္ကို ၿပန္လည္တည္ေဆာက္ဖို႔ အတြက္၊
မြန္ဂိုလီယားႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ နယ္စပ္မ်ဥ္းေတြကိုၿဖတ္ေက်ာ္လာခဲ့တယ္။ ရုရွားၿဖဴေတြကိုေမာင္းထုတ္ခဲ့တယ္။
မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံအၿပင္ၿခမ္း ကို လြတ္လပ္တဲ့ႏိုင္ငံတႏိုင္ငံအၿဖစ္ဖြဲ႔စည္းေပးလို္က္တယ္။
“ဒမ္ဒင္ ဆူကာဘက္တာ” ဆိုတဲ့ မြန္ဂိုစစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ရဲ႕တိုက္ခိုက္မႈစြမ္းရည္ ကို ရုရုားစစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြက ေလးေလးစားစား
အသိအမွတ္ၿပဳဆက္ဆံခဲ့ႀကတယ္။ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ၿပည္သူ႔ရင္ၿပင္မွာ “ဒမ္ဒင္ ဆူကာဘက္တာ” ရဲ႕ ရုပ္ထုႀကီးေတြ ေရာက္လာတယ္။
ေဗာ္ရွီဗစ္စစ္ခ်ီေတးေတြလို အားေကာင္းၿပင္းထန္တဲ့ ေႀကြးေႀကာ္သံေတြ၊ အေရာင္ေတြ၊ စုေပါင္းဘံုယာစခန္းေတြ ေရာက္ရိွလာခဲ့တယ္။ စီးပြားေရး၊ ႏိုင္ငံေရး၊ စစ္ေရး န႔ဲသက္ဆိုင္တဲ့ ေနရာအားလံုးမွာ ရုရွားလူမ်ိဳး အႀကံေပးအရာရိွေတြ၊ စီးပြားေရးသမားေတြ၊ အတတ္ပညာရွင္ေတြ လႊမ္းမိုးလာခဲ့တယ္။ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕လြတ္ေၿမာက္ေရးကို ဆိုဗီယက္ ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ေတြက ကူညီေဖၚေဆာင္ေပးခဲ့တယ္ လို႔ ယံုႀကည္ေနတဲ့
မြန္ဂိုႏိုင္ငံေရး ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြဟာ ဆိုဗီယက္ေတြနဲ႔ အေတြးအေခၚ ပဋိပကၡမၿဖစ္ေအာင္ ၿပဳမူေနထိုင္ခဲ့တယ္။
စတာလင္ လို ၿပင္းထန္ခိုင္မာတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံေရးေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံကို ၁၉၈၉ အထိ ခ်ဳပ္ကိုင္ထားခဲ့တယ္။
စတုတၳႏွင္း
“ ေအးစက္ေနတဲ့ ႏွင္းေတြကို မခံစားခ်င္ေတာ့ဘူး။ တိတ္ဆိတ္မႈေတြကို က်မတို႔ေဖာက္ခြဲမွၿဖစ္ေတာ့မယ္။ က်မတို႔မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံဟာ ဘာေႀကာင့္ အထီးက်န္ဆန္ၿပီးဆင္းရဲဆုတ္ၿပတ္ေနရတာလဲ။ ႏိုင္ငံတကာက သင္ႀကားလာတဲ့ ပညာေတြကို က်မတို႔ႏိုင္ငံထဲမွာ
ၿပန္လည္အသံုးခ်ဖို႔အတြက္ ဒီႏိုင္ငံမွာ ၿဖစ္ပ်က္ေနတဲ့ အစိုးရရဲ႕ “ဗ်ဴရိုကရက္တစ္ ဖိႏွိပ္မႈေတြ” ကို ရႈတ္ခ်ၿငင္းဆန္မွၿဖစ္ေတာ့မယ္”
“ဒမ္ဒင္ ဆူကာဘက္တာ” ရဲ႕ ရုပ္ထုေရွ႕မွာ ေႀကကြဲမ်က္ရည္က်ေနတဲ့ ေက်ာင္းသူ၊ ေက်ာင္းသားေတြ---
ႏွင္းမႈန္ေဝေနတဲ့ ညေနခင္းေတြထဲ တေရြ႕ေရြ႕လႈပ္ရွားဖို႔ၿပင္ဆင္လိုက္ႀကတယ္။ သူတို႔ဟာ ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ပါတီေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြရဲ႕
သားသမီးေတြၿဖစ္ႀကတယ္။ ဆိုဗီယက္ၿပည္ေထာင္စုႀကီးဆီက ပညာသင္ႀကားလာႀကသူေတြၿဖစ္ႀကတယ္။
ဆိုဗီယက္ၿပည္ေထာင္စုႀကီးဆီမွာ ႀကံဳေတြ႔ေနရတဲ့ စီးပြားေရး၊ လူမႈေရး၊ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအႀကပ္အတည္းေတြကို ကိုယ္တိုင္သိၿမင္ခဲ့ႀက
သူေတြၿဖစ္တယ္။ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံဆီကို ၿပန္ေရာက္လာတဲ့ အခါ သူတို႔ၿမင္ေတြ႔လိုက္ရတဲ့ ဖခင္ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ကိုႀကည့္ၿပီး ရင္နာခဲ့ႀကတယ္။
“ယဥ္ေက်းမႈ ဗဟို”အၿဖစ္ဖြင့္လွစ္ထားတဲ့ေနရာေတြမွာ လူငယ္ေတြနဲ႔ေတြ႔ဆံုေဆြးေႏြးႀကတယ္။
ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္အစိုးရ ကို ေဝဖန္ေထာက္ၿပတဲ့ စာတမ္းေတြထုတ္ေဝႀကတယ္။
၁၉၈၉ ဒီဇင္ဘာ (၁၀)ရက္ေန႔၊ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရးေန႔မွာ “ဖိႏွိပ္မႈေတြကို တြန္းလွန္ႀက”ဆိုတဲ့ ေခါင္းစီးစာတန္းေတြ၊ အလံေတြ ကို ကိုင္ၿပီး
ေႀကြးေႀကာ္ခ်ီတက္လာတဲ့ တကၠသိုလ္ေက်ာင္းသားေတြကို မြန္ဂိုကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ပါတီေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြ အထိတ္တလန္႔ေတြ႔ၿမင္လိုက္ရတယ္။
ၿပီးခဲ့တဲ့ အပတ္၊ အဂၤ ါေန႔ညက အဲ့ဒီ “စတုတၳႏွင္းေတြ”အေႀကာင္း ကို လြတ္လပ္တဲ့အာရွအသံမွာ တင္ၿပခဲ့တယ္။
ေသာတရွင္မ်ားခင္ဗ်ား
“ၿမင္းစီးသူရဲမ်ား” လို႔ နာမည္ႀကီးခဲ့တဲ့ ဂ်င္ဂ်စ္ခန္ရဲ႕မြန္ဂိုအင္ပါရာအေႀကာင္းႀကားဘူးမိႀကပါလိမ့္မယ္။
ဂ်င္ဂ်စ္ခန္ေသဆံုးၿပီး ဘုရင္ပိုင္ႏိုင္ငံ(၄) ခုကြဲခဲ့ခ်ိန္ကအစၿပဳကာ၊ ၁၇ ရာစုမွာေတာ့ အတြင္းပိုင္းမြန္ဂိုလီးယား ဟာ မန္ခ်ဴးလက္ေအာက္ကို
က်ေရာက္ခဲ့ၿပီး၊အေနာက္ၿခမ္းကေတာ့ တရုတ္ၿပည္ ခ်င္မင္းဆက္လက္ေအာက္ကိုက်ေရာက္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
“၁၉၁၁ ခ်င္မင္းဆက္ၿပိဳက်သြားၿပီးေတာ့ေနာက္မွာ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံ က သူ႔ရဲ႕လြတ္လပ္ေရးကို ေႀကၿငာခဲ့ပါတယ္။
တရုတ္ၿပည္က လက္မခံခဲ့ပါဘူး။ါေပမဲ့ ၁၉၂၀ မွာေတာ့ ရုရွားၿပည္တြင္းစစ္မွာအႏိုင္ရလိုက္တဲ့ဆိုဗီယက္ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ေတြဟာ
မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံကို လြတ္လပ္တဲ့ ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ႏိုင္ငံတခုအၿဖစ္ဖြဲ႔စည္းေပးလိုက္ပါေတာ့တယ္။”
စတာလင္ရဲ႕အေတြးအေခၚလႊမ္းမိုးမႈေအာက္ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံမွာ စုေပါင္းလယ္ယာစခန္းေတြ တည္ေဆာက္လာခဲ့သလို၊
၁၉၄၅ အတြင္းမွာလည္း ဆိုဗီယက္ေတြရဲ႕မြန္ဂိုလီးယားအတြင္းပိုင္းေဒသဆီကို ဗမာဗ်ဴဟာ က်က် တိုက္ခိုက္စစ္ဆင္မႈ တခုထဲမွာလည္း
ပါဝင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံေရးသမားေတြဟာ ဆိုဗီယက္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြနဲ႔မ်က္ႏွာပ်က္ေစမဲ့အရာမွန္သမွ်ကိုေရွာင္က်ဥ္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ဒါေႀကာင့္လည္း ၁၉၅၃ ေနာက္ပိုင္းစတာလင္ေသဆံုးသြားအၿပီး တရုတ္-ဆိုဗီယက္အေတြးအေခၚအကြဲအၿပဲ ေပၚေပါက္လာတဲ့အခါ
ဆိုဗီယက္ၿပည္ေထာင္စုနဲ႔အတူ နီးနီးကပ္ကပ္ရပ္တည္လာခဲ့ပါတယ္။
“ ဆိုဗီယက္ၿပည္ေထာင္စုရဲ႕တကၠသိုလ္ေတြကေန ပညာသင္ၿပန္လာတဲ့အခါတိုင္း အစိုးရရဲ႕ဥေပကၡာၿပဳမႈေတြ၊ အထီးက်န္ဆန္မႈေတြ၊
ဆင္းရဲစုတ္ၿပတ္မႈေတြကိုခါးစီးခံေနရတဲ့ က်မတို႔ရဲ႕မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံကိုေတြ႕လိုက္ရတဲ့ အခါတိုင္း မ်က္ရည္က်ခဲ့ရတယ္။”
“ဟက္ရွ္ဘက္ဟူလန္” လို႔ေခၚတဲ့ မြန္ဂိုေက်ာင္းသူေလးတေယာက္ဟာ သူမရဲ႕ အေဖက မြန္ဂိုလီးယားကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္
တဦးၿဖစ္တာေႀကာင့္ ႏိုင္ငံတကာကိုထြက္ပညာသင္ခြင့္ရခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေႀကာင့္လည္း ဆိုဗီယက္ၿပည္ေထာင္စုႀကီးဆီမွာ ဘာေတြၿဖစ္ပ်က္ေနၿပီ ဆိုတာကို သေဘာေပါက္ေနတဲ့ ဟူလန္ ဟာ ႏိုင္ငံကိုၿပန္ေရာက္တဲ့အခါ
ယဥ္ေက်းမႈဗဟိုသင္တန္းေက်ာင္းဆီက ေက်ာင္းသူေက်ာင္းသားေတြနဲ႔လွ်ိဳ႕ဝွက္ေတြ႔ခဲ့ပါတယ္။
“ စတာလင္ပံုစံအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္လာခဲ့တဲ့ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေမာ္စကုိဆီကို ေဆးကုသဖို႔ထြက္ခြာသြားတဲ့အခါ
သူ႔ရဲ႕ၿပိဳင္ဘက္ၿဖစ္တဲ့ Batmunkh က အာဏာသိမ္းယူလိုက္တယ္။
သူက ေဂၚဘာေခ်ာ့ဗ္ လိုပဲ။ စီးပြားေရးၿပဳၿပင္ေၿပာင္းလဲမႈေတြလုပ္ရမယ္။
ပြင့္လင္းတဲ့ႏိုင္ငံေရးစံနစ္ကို တည္ေဆာက္ႀကရမယ္ လို႔ ဆိုေနခဲ့တယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ လက္ေတြ႔မွာ ဘာတခုမွလုပ္ကိုင္ၿခင္းမရိွခဲ့ဘူး။
ဆိုဗီယက္ၿပည္ေထာင္စု ႀကီးဆီမွာ စီးပြားေရးအႀကပ္အတည္းဆိုက္ေရာက္လာတဲ့အခါ၊
မြန္ဂိုလီးယားနဲ႔ဆိုဗီယက္ကုန္သြယ္မႈဟာ ၉၀% ကေန ၃၀ % အထိထိုးက်သြားတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕အေရးပါတဲ့
စီးပြားေရးလုပ္ငန္းေတြ၊ အင္ဂ်င္နီယာေတြ၊ အႀကံေပးအရာရိွေတြဟာ ဆိုဗီယက္ေတြနဲ႔ အေရွ႕ဥေရာပႏိုင္ငံသားေတြက လႊမ္းမိုးထားတုန္းပဲ။”
တကယ္ေတာ့ တရုတ္၊ဆိုဗီယက္နယ္ေၿမအၿငင္းပြားမႈၿပႆနာေတြေႀကာင့္ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံအတြင္းမွာ
ဆိုဗီယက္စစ္သား ေၿခာက္ေသာင္းေက်ာ္တပ္စြဲေနရာယူခဲ့ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ၁၉၈၉ မွာေတာ့ အေၿခအေနေတြကေၿပာင္းလဲခဲ့ပါၿပီ။
မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံအတြင္းက ဆိုဗီယက္တပ္သား(၈၀၀၀) ေက်ာ္ဆုတ္ခြာသြားခဲ့သလို၊
မြန္ဂိုလီးယားကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ပါတီတြင္းမွာလည္း ယၡင္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြလက္ထက္မွာ သဆံုးခဲ့တဲ့ အၿပစ္မဲ့ၿပည္သူ
ႏွစ္ေသာင္းေက်ာ္အေႀကာင္းထုတ္ေဖၚေၿပာလာခဲ့ႀကပါတယ္။ သေဘာထားေပ်ာ့ေၿပာင္းတဲ့ ကြန္ၿမဳနစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြက
“ ဒီမိုကေရစီစံနစ္သည္သာ အေကာင္းဆံုး ထြက္ေပါက္တခုၿဖစ္တယ္” ဆိုတဲ့အယူအဆေတြကို တင္ၿပခဲ့ႀကပါတယ္။
ဒါေပမဲ့ သေဘာထားတင္းမာတဲ့ ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြရိွေနခဲ့တာေႀကာင့္ ဘာတခုမွ အေကာင္အထည္မေပၚခဲ့ပါဘူး။
“ က်မတို႔တေတြ၊ အာဏာရွင္ေတြပိတ္ထားတဲ့တံခါးကို တြန္းဖြင့္ဖို႔ဆံုးၿဖတ္လိုက္ႀကတယ္။
၁၉၈၉ ဒီဇင္ဘာ (၁၀) ရက္ေန႔မွာ “ယဥ္ေက်းမႈဗဟို” မွာ ရိွတဲ့ လူငယ္ေတြက စၿပီး တိုင္းၿပည္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြဟာ
ၿပဳၿပင္ေၿပာင္းလဲေရးလုပ္ရမယ္ဆိုတဲ့ လႈံ႕ေဆာ္သံေတြကို စတင္ေတာင္းဆိုခဲ့ႀကတယ္။
ၿပည္သူေတြကလည္း ပူးေပါင္းပါဝင္ခ်င္ခဲ့ေပမဲ့၊ တရုတ္ၿပည္ က တီယင္မင္ရင္ၿပင္ ေက်ာင္းသားလႈပ္ရွားမႈ လူသတ္ပြဲသတင္းေႀကာင့္
တက္တက္ႀကြႀကြပူးေပါင္းပါဝင္မႈမရိွႀကေသးဘူးေလ။ ဒါေပမဲ့ က်မတို႔လႈပ္ရွားမႈမွာ ထူးၿခားခ်က္က အစိုးရထိပိုင္းအရာရိွေတြရဲ႕
သားသမီးေတြကိုယ္တိုင္ ဦးေဆာင္ပါဝင္ေနႀကတယ္။
ေနာက္တခုက က်မတို႔ရဲ႕အလုပ္သမားေတြ ကိုလည္း အဓိကထားစည္းရံုးလႈံ႕ေဆာ္ရမယ္။
ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံရဲ႕ သတၱဳတူးေဖၚေရးလုပ္ငန္းမွာ လုပ္ကိုင္ေနႀကတဲ့
အင္ဂ်င္နီယာေတြ၊ သတၱဳတြင္းအလုပ္သမားေတြရဲ႕လခဟာ အဲ့ဒီစက္ရံုေတြမွာ သူတို႔လို
လုပ္ကိုင္ေနတဲ့ ရုရွားအင္ဂ်င္နီယာေတြနဲ႔ႏိႈင္းယွဥ္ရင္နည္းလြန္းလွတယ္။ ”
၁၉၉၀ ခုႏွစ္ ဂ်န္နဝါရီလမွာေတာ့ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားႏိုင္ငံၿမိဳ႕ေတာ္ထဲက လီနင္ၿပတိုက္ထဲဆီမွာ
ဆႏၵၿပေက်ာင္းသားေတြ စုေဝးေရာက္ရိွလာခဲ့ႀကပါၿပီ။ “ လူ႔အခြင့္အေရး ကို ေလးစားပါ။ ၿပည္သူေတြအတြက္ တန္းတူမွ်တေရးဆိုတာ
အရာအားလံုးရဲ႕ထိပ္မွာရိွတယ္” ဆိုတဲ့ ဆိုင္းပုဒ္ေတြ၊ အလံေတြ က မြန္ဂိုလီးယားကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြကို အေရးေပၚအစည္းအေဝး
ေခၚယူၿဖစ္ေအာင္ဖိအားေပးေနပါတယ္။ ေနာက္တလအႀကာမွာ ကိုယ္စားလွယ္ ၆၁၁ ေယာက္ပါတီ မြန္ဂိုလီးယားဒီမိုကရက္တစ္ပါတီကုိ
တည္ေထာင္လိုက္ၿပီး၊ အေၿခခံဥပေဒကိုၿပင္ဆင္ေပးဖို႔တင္ၿပခဲ့ႀကတယ္။
ကမၻာ့အမ်ိဳးသမီးေန႔မွာ ဆိုဗီယက္သံရံုးကိုဝုိင္းရံလိုက္ႀကၿပီး၊ ၿပဳၿပင္ေၿပာင္းလဲေရးအတြက္မြန္ဂိုလီးယားအစိုးရကို ဖိအားေပးဖို႔
ဆႏၵၿပေတာင္းဆိုခဲ့ႀကတယ္။ ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္အမာခံေတြက၊ ဆႏၵၿပသူေတြကို ပစ္ခပ္ၿဖိဳခြဲဖို႔၊ႀကိဳးစားခဲ့ေပမဲ့ သူတို႔ရဲ႕လုပ္ေဖၚကိုင္ဘက္
ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြကသူတို႔ရဲ႕ သားသမီးေတြပါဝင္ေနတယ္ဆိုတာသိေနခဲ့ႀကသလို၊ ေမာ္စကိုကလည္း လူထုအသံကို
နားေထာင္ဖို႔ဖိအားေပးေနခဲ့ပါၿပီး။
ဒါေႀကာင့္လည္း မတ္လမွာေတာ့ ကြန္ၿမဴနစ္အစိုးရ ႏႈတ္ထြက္သြားခဲ့ၿပီး ေမလမွာ လြတ္လပ္တဲ့ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကို က်င္းပေပးခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ေသာတရွင္မ်ားခင္ဗ်ား--
ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ေအာင္ဆန္းကိုလုပ္ႀကံခဲ့တဲ့ ဂဋဳန္ဦးေစာေႀကာင့္ သမီးေဘဘီေစာဘဝတသက္လံုး မ်က္ႏွာငယ္ခဲ့ရဘူးပါတယ္။
အာဏာရွင္ေတြရဲ႕သားသမီးေတြလည္း မြန္ဂိုလီယားႏိုင္ငံကြန္ၿမဴနစ္ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေတြရဲ႕သားသမီးေတြလို
အနာဂတ္ကိုက်ယ္က်ယ္ၿပန္႔ၿပန္႔စဥ္းစားႏိုင္ႀကပါေစ။
ေ၀ဒနာေတြကို ငါ ေၾကာက္တယ္
ဘယ္အရာမွ
မတည္ၿမဲဘူး
မီးခိုး တိမ္ခိုးမ်ားလို
ေလႏွင္ရာ ေရြ ့လ်ား
ေသာကမ်ားနဲ ့ထြက္ခြါ
ေရၾကည္ရာ မ်က္ႏုရာ ။
မြန္းတည့္ခ်ိန္ ေနရဲဲ ့
ေတာက္ေလာင္မႈလိုမ်ိဳး
အလိုရမၼက္တို ့
တဖ်င္းဖ်င္းေတာက္ေလာင္
ဒုကၡတရားမ်ားက
အာသာငမ္းငမ္း
ဟိန္းေဟာက္ ၿခိမ္းေခ်ာက္
ေ၀ဒနာေတြကို ငါ ေၾကာက္တယ္ ။
သူစိမ္းတို ့ရဲ ့ ေျမေပၚမွာ
မစိမ္းသူတို ့ရဲ ့
၀င္ကစြပ္ ဘ၀မ်ား
ၿပိဳလြယ္ ပ်က္လြယ္
ကိုယ္ခံအားနည္းသူေတြအတြက္
သမာဓိ အားေကာင္းဘို ့ေတာ့ လိုမယ္ ။
ေ၀ဒနာေတြကို ငါေၾကာက္တယ္ ။
အားတင္းထားေဟ့
ငါက ငါ့ကို ျပန္အားေပး
ငါက ငါ့ကို ျပန္ဆြဲထူ
ကိုယ္ထူ ကိုယ္ထ
အဲဒါမွ ဘ၀က လွမယ္
ေ၀ဒနာေတြ ေတာ့ ငါေၾကာက္တယ္ ။
ရဲရင့္သက္ဇြဲ
၂၀ ၈ ၂၀၁၀
Japan urges Myanmar to release Suu Kyi, hold free, fair election+
TOKYO, Aug. 20 (AP) - (Kyodo)—Japan has urged Myanmar to release political prisoners including pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi and conduct its general election slated for Nov. 7 in an open, free and fair manner, Foreign Minister Katsuya Okada said Friday.
The minister told a press conference that the Japanese government conveyed Thursday its concern over the November poll, which will be held for the first time in two decades, through Myanmar's ambassador to Japan.
"If Myanmar holds the general election without releasing political prisoners including Ms. Suu Kyi, it would not be a free, fair and open election that the international community has called for and thus would be regrettable," Okada said.
He called on the Myanmar government to swiftly hold a substantive dialogue with Suu Kyi and conduct the general election by including all the concerned parties.
Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy won the 1990 election in a landslide, but it has decided to boycott the upcoming election. The party became legally defunct after failing to re-register with the election commission by a deadline.
The pro-democracy leader has been under some form of detention, mostly house arrest, for 15 of the past 21 years.
http://news.tbs.co.jp/20100820/newseye/tbs_newseye4506501.html
ミャンマーが１１月にアウン・サン・スー・チーさんを排除したまま２０年ぶりの総選挙を行うことについて、岡田外務大臣は公正な選挙をミャンマー政府に求めたことを明らかにしました。
「ミャンマー政府が、アウン・サン・スー・チー女史を含む政治犯の釈放を行わないまま総選挙を実施するのであれば、わが国を含む国際社会がこれまで求めてきた自由公正で開かれた総選挙の実施とは異なるもので、遺憾である」（岡田克也 外相）
岡田外務大臣は会見で、自宅軟禁中の民主化運動指導者、アウン・サン・スー・チーさんを釈放して公正な選挙を行うよう、ミャンマー大使館を通じて軍事政権側に求めたことを明らかにしました。
ミャンマーでは１１月７日に総選挙が行われることになっていますが、スー・チーさんの自宅軟禁の期限は１１月中旬で、スー・チーさんは選挙から事実上、排除された格好となっています。（20日20:33）
Saturday, August 21, 2010
Fw: [BurmaInfo] 今週のビルマのニュース（1031号）英金融大手が対ビルマ制裁に違反 米、国連調査委設置を支持 草の根無償一件 ほか
みなさま、
以下、「今週のビルマのニュース」を転送させていただきます。
（重複の際はご容赦ください。）
ＰＦＢ事務局
http://www1.jca.apc.org/pfb/
*****************************************************
ビルマ情報ネットワークの「今週のビルマのニュース」をお送りします。
ビルマ情報ネットワーク
秋元由紀
ビルマ情報ネットワーク
ウェブサイト http://www.burmainfo.org
ツイッター http://twitter.com/BurmaInfoJapan
========================================
今週のビルマのニュース Eメール版
2010年8月20日【1031号】
========================================
【NDF幹部、立候補困難か NLDはボイコット決定】
・選挙管理委員会が国民民主勢力（NDF）の幹部4人に対し、
過去に問われた反逆罪について赦免を求める申請を再度しなければ
立候補できないと通告していたことがわかった。
4人は7月末に同様の通告を受けて申請をしたが、それに不備が
あったとされた。
他方、アウンサンスーチー氏率いる国民民主連盟（NLD）は19日、
選挙をボイコットすることを正式に決めた（20日イラワディ）。
【背景】90年の総選挙でNLDが議席の80％を獲得した際、
現NDFの4人もNLDから当選した。しかし選挙結果を受けて
軍政に代わる政府を樹立しようとしたことが反逆罪だとされ、禁固刑に服した。
【バークレイズが対ビルマ等制裁に違反 罰金支払へ】
・英金融大手バークレイズがキューバやイラン、ビルマ等との取引を
禁じる米国の経済制裁に違反したとして米当局に2億9,800万ドルを
支払う和解案が18日、米連邦裁判所に承認された（19日ワシントン・ポストほか）。
イギリス労働組合会議（TUC）は19日、バークレイズが対ビルマ制裁
に違反していたことを「不名誉だ」とし、ビルマ関連の取引について
情報を公開するよう求めた。
【米国が国連の調査委員会設置を支持】
・米政府は18日、ビルマで「人道に対する罪」などが起きている
疑いについて、国連による調査委員会設置を支持すると表明した。
オバマ政権が始めた軍政との直接対話路線が成果を上げていないこと
が背景にあると見られる（18日ワシントン・ポスト、WSJほか）。
国民民主連盟（NLD）のティンウー副議長は米国の支持表明を歓迎（19日AP）。
【国連調査委員会設置とは】軍政指揮下で国軍が民間人を
狙って攻撃を仕掛けたり、強制労働の使用や少数民族女性の
強かん等深刻な人権侵害が組織的かつ広範に行われている
疑いを国連が正式に調査すること。国際刑事裁判所（ICC）等
への付託の準備とも言える手続きで、英米を含め5か国が支持。
【参考記事（再掲）】
・世界29か国442人の国会議員が上記国連調査委設置を求める書簡を国連安保理に送
付。
日本の今野東議員らが呼びかけ人（2009年12月10日）。
http://www.burmainfo.org/article/article.php?mode=2&articleid=498
・国連のミャンマー担当人権特別報告者を務めた横田洋三・中央大学法科大学院教授
が
国連調査委設置を呼びかける論文をジャカルタ・ポスト紙に寄稿（2010年7月6日）。
日本語訳：
http://www.jlnr.jp/refugeenews/news/jakartapost_20100706_opinion_yokota_J.pd
f
【ビルマへの政府開発援助（ODA）約束状況など】
8月11日 マンダレー管区、学校建設のため約9万9,000ドルの草の根無償資金協力
【イベント情報】
・ドキュメンタリー『 ピュア ビルマ難民キャンプの子どもたち 』上映・講演会
れんげ国際ボランティア会主催
（熊本県玉名市、21日17時半～）
・ドキュメンタリー『 ピュア ビルマ難民キャンプの子どもたち 』上映・講演会
ビルマの僧侶と連帯する仏教徒の会ほか主催
（広島安佐北区、22日15時）
・日本ビルマ救援センター月例ビルマ問題学習会
講師：宇田有三 「ウー・ウィンティンへのインタビュー」
（大阪ボランティアセンター、26日19時～）
・渋谷敦志写真展「明日があるから 国境に生きるビルマ難民は今」
（川崎市アートセンター、28日～9月10日9時半～19時半。28日にトークショー)
・在日ビルマ人製作映画『悲しみと涙の川エヤーワディー』
（日本語字幕付）上映会
（南大塚ホール、29日13時半～、16時～、18時半～／3回上映）
・ビルマの歴史学習会
講師：根本敬（上智大学教授）
主催：ビルマの歴史を学ぶ会
（千代田区外神田・世橋区民会館4階和室、29日14時～）
・メータオクリニック支援の会
現地スタッフ帰国報告会及び総会
発表者：田辺文医師、フォトジャーナリスト渋谷敦志氏
（JICA地球ひろばセミナールーム303、9月5日15時～、報告会は16時～）
【もっと詳しい情報は】
☆Twitter公式アカウントはこちらです
http://twitter.com/BurmaInfoJapan
「きょうのビルマのニュース」
http://www.burmainfo.org/news/today.php?mode=2
ビルマ情報ネットワーク
http://www.burmainfo.org/
【お問い合わせ】
ビルマ情報ネットワーク 秋元由紀
====================================
今週のビルマのニュース Eメール版
2010年8月20日【1031号】
作成： ビルマ情報ネットワーク
協力： ビルマ市民フォーラム
====================================
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
配布元 ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo） http://www.burmainfo.org
連絡先 listmaster@burmainfo.org
バックナンバー http://groups.yahoo.co.jp/group/burmainfo/
Twitter http://twitter.com/BurmaInfoJapan
RSSフィード
・新着情報 http://www.burmainfo.org/news_rss.php
・日刊ニュース http://www.burmainfo.org/news/today.php
・週刊ニュース http://www.burmainfo.org/news/this_week.php
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
▽転載について
・ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo）のメールマガジンの転載・再配布は、必ず出典を明記したうえで行ってください。
・不特定多数に配付する印刷物や、新聞、雑誌、機関紙（誌）などに掲載の際は、必ずご連絡ください。
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
▽メーリングリストの参加・退会・アドレス変更については以下をご覧ください。
http://www.burmainfo.org/about/mailmagazine.php
※手動での変更手続は行っておりませんが、どうしても解決できない問題が
あるときや、疑問点がある場合は管理者宛にご連絡ください。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Tuesday, August 17, 2010
တကမၻာလုံးကျမန္မာျပည္ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကို ေစာင့္ႀကည့္ေနတယ္
တကမၻာလုံးကျမန္မာျပည္ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကို ေစာင့္ႀကည့္ေနတယ္
ဥေရာပယူနီယံ(အီးယူ)က တကမၻာလုံးက ျမန္မာျပည္ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကို
ေစာင့္ႀကည့္ေနတယ္လို ့ေျပာလိုက္ပါတယ္။
ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကို အနွစ္(၂၀)အတြင္းပထမဆုံးအေနနဲ ့က်င္းပတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
လာမည့္ နိုဝဘၤာလ(၇)ရက္ေန ့မွာေရြးေကာက္ပဲြျပဳလုပ္မွာျဖစ္ေႀကာင္းျမန္မာနိုင္ငံကို
လက္ရိွအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ေနတဲ့စစ္အုပ္စုကေႀကျငာခဲ့တာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
အီးယူက တဆက္ထဲေျပာႀကားရာမွာ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြဟာလြတ္လပ္ျပီးတရားမွ်တမႈမရိွ
ဘူးဆိုရင္ တရားဝင္တဲ့ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြလို ့ကမၻာကယူဆမွာမဟုတ္ေႀကာင္းဆိုလိုက္ပါတယ္။
ေလ ့လာေ၀ဖန္သူမ်ားကေတာ့ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပဲြဟာ ဟန္ျပေရြးေကာက္ပဲြသာျဖစ္ျပီး
အဲ့ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကေနတဆင့္ စစ္တပ္က ျမန္မာျပည္နိုင္ငံေရးမွာတရားဝင္ဦးေဆာင္
မႈအေနအထားကိုရယူနိုင္ေအာင္လုပ္ေနတာသာျဖစ္တယ္လို ့ဆိုပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာျပည္သူလူထုနဲ ့ ကမၻာ့မိသားစုႀကီးက ျမန္မာ့ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကိုတရားဝင္တဲ့
ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြတစ္ခုအေနနဲ ့လက္ခံနိုင္ဖို ့အတြက္ နိုင္ငံေရးပါတီအားလုံးဟာ လြတ္လြတ္
လပ္လပ္စည္းရုံးခြင့္ိရိွရပါမယ္။ျပီးေတာ့မဲေပးတဲ့နည္းလမ္းစည္းကမ္းမ်ားဟာလဲ လြတ္လပ္ျပီး
တရားမွ်တရပါမည္။ ဒီအခ်က္အလက္ေတြကို ျမန္မာအာဏာပိုင္မ်ားကလုပ္ေဆာင္ေပးရမွာ
ျဖစ္တယ္လို ့ရန္ကုန္ျမိဳ ့မွာထုတ္ျပန္လိုက္တဲ့ အဂၤလိပ္သံရုံးရဲ့ေႀကျငာခ်က္ထဲမွာေဖာ္ျပခဲ့ပါ
တယ္။အထက္ပါေႀကျငာခ်က္ကို ျပင္သစ္ ဂ်ာမဏီ နဲ ့ အီတလီအပါအဝင္အျခားေသာ
အီးယူနိုင္ငံမ်ားကိုယ္စားထုတ္ျပန္ေႀကျငာခဲ့တာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ျပီးခဲ့တဲ့ေသာႀကာေန ့ကဘဲ ကုလသမဂၢအေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမႉးဘန္ကီမြန္းက
အလားတုူေႀကျငာခ်က္တစ္ခုကိုထုတ္ျပန္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမႉးက ျမန္မာ့
ဒီမိုကေရစီေခါင္းေဆာင္ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္အပါအဝင္ နိုင္ငံေရးအက်ဥ္းသားမ်ား
အားလုံးကိုလႊတ္ေပးဖို ့နဲ ့၊ ဒါမွသာျမန္မာျပည္တြင္းရိွနိုင္ငံေရးလႈပ္ရွားမႈမ်ားမွာ အဆိုပါ
ပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ားပါဝင္နိုင္မွာျဖစ္ေႀကာင္းဆိုပါတယ္။
ျမန္မာျပည္ကစစ္တပ္ကအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ခဲ့တာ အနွစ္(၅၀)ေက်ာ္ခဲ့ျပီျဖစ့္ပါတယ္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ေခါင္းေဆာင္တဲ့အမ်ိဳးသားဒီမိုကေရစီအဖဲြ ့ခ်ဳပ္ဟာ ျပီးခဲ့တဲ့
၁၉၉၀ခုနွစ္မွာျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့တဲ့အေထြေထြေရြးေကာက္ပဲြမွာအျပတ္အသတ္အနိုင္ရခဲ့ေပမဲ့
စစ္အာဏာပိုင္မ်ားက အာဏာကိုလဲြေျပာင္းေပးဖို ့ျငင္းဆန္ခဲ့ရုံတင္မကဘဲ ျငိမ္းခ်မ္း
ေရးနိုဘယ္ဆုရွင္ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ကိုလဲ ျပီးခဲ့တဲ့ ၂၁ နွစ္တာကာလအတြင္း
၁၅ နွစ္တာ (ယေန ့တိုင္) ေနအိမ္အက်ယ္ခ်ဳပ္ခ်ထားခဲ့ပါတယ္။
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ရဲ့အမ်ိဳးသားဒီမိုကေရစီအဖဲြခ်ဳပ္ဟာ လာမဲ့ ၂၀၁၀
ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကို သပိတ္ေမွာက္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အေႀကာင္းျပခ်က္က ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြ
ဥပေဒေတြဟာဒီမိုကေရစီနည္းလမ္းမက်သလို တရားမွ်တျခင္းလဲမရိွလို ့ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
အဲ့ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပဲြဥပေဒေတြအရ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္အေနနဲ ့ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြဝင္ခြင့္မရိွ
ပါဘူး။ွ
ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ရဲ့ပါတီအပါအဝင္ အျခားပါတီအမ်ားအႀကားက ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြ
လုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ေတြဟာတရားမွ်တဘူး ၊ ပါတီအမတ္ေလာင္းေတြေရြးခ်ယ္ဖို ့နဲ ့မဲဆြယ္စည္းရုံး
ဖို ့အတြက္အခ်ိန္လုံေလာက္မႈမရိွဘူးလို ့ဆိုပါတယ္။ ပါတီမ်ားဟာ မိမိတို ့ရဲ့ပါတီအမတ္
ေလာင္းစာရင္းကို ဒီလကုန္ေနာက္ဆုံးထားျပီးတင္သြင္းရမွာျဖစ္ျပီး ၊ မဲဆြယ္မႈကို
အာဏာပိုင္မ်ားက ေႀကျငာေပးမဲ့မဲဆြယ္ကာလမွာဘဲမဲဆြယ္ရမွျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပဲြလုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ေတြနဲ ့ပတ္သက္ျပီးအေမရိကန္ျပည္ေထာင္စုက
အႀကိမ္ေပါင္းေျမာက္ျမားစြာရံႈ ့ခ်ေျပာဆိုခဲ့ပါတယ္။ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံကိုျပီးခဲ့တဲ့ေမလကတရား
ဝင္သြားေရာက္ခဲ့ျပီးေနာက္ မွာ အေမရိကန္နိုင္ငံအေရွ့အာရွဆိုင္ရာလက္ေထာက္နိုင္
ငံျခားေရးဝန္ႀကီး ကတ္ ကမ္ ့ဘဲ(KURT CAMPBELL) ကေအာက္ပါအတိုင္ေျပာႀကားခဲ့ပါ
တယ္။ျမန္မာစစ္အာဏာပိုင္ေတြဟာ ေစ့စပ္ညိွနိႈင္းအေျဖရွာဖို ့စိတ္ပါဝင္စားျခင္းမရိွေႀကာင္း၊
ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြလုပ္ငန္းစဥ္ေတြကိုလဲျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲလိုစိတ္မရိွေႀကာင္း ဒါေႀကာင့္ လာမဲ ့
၂၀၁၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကို တရားဝင္တဲ့ေရြးေကာက္အေနနဲ ့ကမၻာကအသိိအမွတ္ျပဳမွာ
မဟုတ္ဘူးလို ့အေမရိကန္ျပည္ေထာင္စုအေနနဲ ့ယုံႀကည္ေႀကာင္းေျပာႀကားသြားပါတယ္။
Translation By Phone Hlaing
EU tells Myanmar world is watching its elections
Sat Aug 14, 6:51 am ET
Saturday, August 14, 2010
Myanmar junta sets election date for Nov 7
YANGON, Myanmar – Myanmar's ruling junta set Nov. 7 as the date for the country's first election in two decades, but made no concessions to critics who say the rules favor the army and its allies and bar democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi from taking part.
Foreign governments renewed calls for urgent changes allowing a free-and-fair vote. Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy already announced it was boycotting the polls and other parties are wary of participating.
Friday's brief election-date announcement by the Election Commission was carried on state TV and radio.
"Multiparty general elections for the country's parliament will be held on Sunday Nov. 7," said the announcement, which called on political parties to submit their candidate lists starting Monday through Aug. 30.
The elections are part of the junta's "roadmap to democracy," a seven-step program which it says will shift the nation from almost 50 years of military rule in Myanmar, also known as Burma. But critics charge the rules and army-guided constitution are meant to perpetuate the military's commanding role in politics.
The National League for Democracy won a landslide victory in the last elections in 1990. But the junta refused to honor the results and has kept the Nobel laureate Suu Kyi locked away, mostly under house arrest, for 15 of the past 21 years, ignoring worldwide pleas for her freedom.
The NLD and others said the election date would not allow sufficient time for campaigning, which cannot officially begin until the junta announces a campaign period.
"Without freedom of media or expression, the elections cannot be either free or fair," NLD party spokesman Nyan Win said.
Election laws passed ahead of the voting have been criticized as undemocratic by the international community. They effectively bar Suu Kyi and other political prisoners — estimated at more than 2,000 — and members of religious orders from taking part in the elections. Suu Kyi's party was also automatically disbanded under the laws for refusing to register for the elections.
Strict rules for campaigning bar parties from chanting, marching or saying anything at rallies that could tarnish the country's image.
"For these elections to have any credibility, the regime must allow a free and fair campaign and polling process; release all political prisoners, including Aung San Suu Kyi, and instigate an inclusive dialogue with the full participation of all opposition and ethnic groups, towards genuine and lasting national reconciliation," Britain's foreign ministry said in a statement.
The United States holds a similar position. After visiting with Myanmar officials in May, U.S. Assistant Secretary of State for East Asia Kurt Campbell said the junta's unwillingness to compromise and reform the electoral process led Washington "to believe that these elections will lack international legitimacy."
With the NLD out of the race, it appears likely the junta-backed Union Solidarity and Development Party will get the most votes. The USDP was set up and supported by the generals since 1993. It has unrivaled access to funds, a nationwide presence, and a claimed official membership of tens of millions.
The only other party with widespread organization and sufficient funding — but little popular appeal — is the National Unity Party, descendant of the Burmese Socialist Programme Party that ruled under late strongman Ne Win, who held power until 1988.
Out of 40 new political parties, all but four or five are almost unknown. Many will have trouble raising the necessary expenses, which include a 500,000 kyat ($500) for each candidate, more than half a year's salary for the average schoolteacher.
A total of 498 seats will be contested, while another 166 seats will be taken by representatives of the military. A 2008 constitution adopted under the junta's roadmap reserves 25 percent of parliamentary seats for the military and says more than 75 percent of the lawmakers must approve any amendments to the charter.
"I am happy that the government has finally set the date as there had been rumors that elections will not be held this year," said Thu Wai, chairman of the Democratic Party.
However, Thu Wai, 77, a longtime democracy activist and former political prisoner, complained that, "We have very little time for party campaigning and we are short of funds."
The Democratic Party earlier this week protested to the Election Commission that police were intimidating its members.
"Nothing has been free or fair since the start," said Khin Maung Swe, leader of the National Democratic Force. "Despite all the obstacles we are determined to contest the elections."
___
Associated Press writer Jocelyn Gecker in Bangkok contributed to this report.
Friday, August 13, 2010
Thursday, August 12, 2010
SEAPA Alert: Military authorities ban Burmese artists for backing Suu Kyi, satirizing government officials
7 December 2010
Source: Mizzima News
Burma's Ministry of Information ordered eight FM radio stations in
the final week of November not to interview or even broadcast the
works of more than 11 performers, a radio station employee said.
The move appears part of a program by Burma's military regime to
get back at artists who have satirized the junta or shown support
for pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi.
The ministry sent letters to the stations callnig a halt to
broadcasts of singers Saung Oo Hlaing, Anaggha, Thanthawin and
Kyarpauk; bass guitarist Ye Lwin; film directors Myo Min, Min Htin
Ko Ko Gyi and Cho Too Zaw; actor Kyaw Thu and his wife Shwe Zigwet;
and writer Than Myint Aung, the station employee said.
"The Ministry of Information ordered us to stop broadcasting their
interviews and performances," the employee said on condition of
anonymity.
The letters gave no reason for the ban and failed to say when the
ban would expire, the employee said.
Mizzima contacted one of those performers who requested anonymity,
but said: "After the election, we tried to express what we felt.
It's just another example of their attitude on controlling the
media."
He added that the ministry failed to inform the performers about
the ban.
Singers, including Anaggha, Thanthawin and Kyarpauk, also visited
the South Dagon Township HIV/AIDS Salvation Center run by the NLD
and gave donations.
Meanwhile, the junta banned from the film industry former actor
Kyaw Thu, founder of the Free Funeral Services Society, because of
his activities in the nationwide monk-led protests known as the
"Saffron Revolution" in 2007. He also met Suu Kyi at her home on 14
November, the day after her release from house arrest.
Local journals were also told not to write stories about actors Nay
Toe, Ye Lay, Tun Tun, Kyaw Kyaw Bo and Moe Moe after they gave a
satirical performance named "Htarwara Hninzi" ("Eternal Rose"),
which criticized the authorities.
In the traditional performance, Nay Toe sang a satirical song, the
lyrics of which included: "I swear ... roads were built reluctantly ...
and they were incomplete, so we cannot use them well ...".
The song was a popular jibe aimed possibly at Rangoon mayor and
Union Solidarity and Development Party candidate lawmaker-elect
Aung Thein Lin. Having promised to build new roads to garner
support for the elections on November 7, the mayor apparently
became the first politician to renege on an election promise.
Residents and witnesses say construction has come to a halt in the
post-election period on the half-finished "Aung Thein Lin" roads,
which only cover half of some streets in the former Burmese capital.
A journal editor told Mizzima, "When I went to the junta's
censorship board, they told me to remove an interview of a comedian
who had performed on 'Eternal Rose'. They informed me that the five
actors and movie director Myo Min were banned from journals."
Subject to the ban were Rangoon City FM, Mandalay City FM, Padauk
Myay Service, Shwe FM, Paddamya FM, Pyinsawaddy FM, Cherry FM and
Bagan FM.
----------------------------------
Mizzima News (http://clicks.aweber.com/y/ct/?l=92apN&m=1eJradZHbjKXin&b=Pj.PPqb7CJ.odpz4xxHzfw) is a news organization
headquartered in New Delhi, India, run by exiled Burmese
journalists. A SEAPA partner, it aims to promote awareness about
the situation in Burma and promote democracy and freedom of
expression in the country.
Saturday, August 7, 2010
မၿငိမ္းေသာမီး
From: Ye Yint Thet Zwe
ႏွစ္ဆယ့္ႏွစ္ႏွစ္တဲ့လား
ခ်စ္ျခင္းမ်ားစြာနဲ ့
ျဖစ္ျခင္း ပ်က္ျခင္း တရားမ်ား
တေရြ ့ေရြ ့ … ခရီးရွည္ …။
ေပးဆပ္ျခင္းမ်ား
ဘ၀ အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳး အဖံုဖုံ
ေဟာဒီ … လူ ့ဘံုႀကီးမွာ
တခ်ိဳ ့ … ေကာက္ရိုးမီး
တခ်ိဳ ့ … မၿငိမ္းေသာမီး
တခ်ိဳ ့ … မီးခဲျပာဖံုး
တခ်ိဳ ့ … ေတာက္မယ့္မီးခဲ တရဲရဲ
စသည္ျဖင့္ …
ကိုယ့္ေရြးခ်ယ္မႈနဲ ့ ကိုယ္
ေခတ္ေတြကို ျဖတ္သန္းသြားခဲ့ၾက …..။
နာရီေတြ ရာသီေတြ
တျဖဳတ္ျဖဳတ္ေၾကြ
အသက္ေတြ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ေတြ
တျဖဳတ္ျဖဳတ္ေၾကြ
လူ ့ေဘာင္ႀကီးတခုလံုး
တျဖဳတ္ျဖဳတ္ေၾကြ
ကမၻာမေၾကေတးသံ ေ၀တဲ့ေျမေပၚမွာ …။
သတိတယ ရွိၾကေဟ့
အေမွာင္ေခတ္ႀကီးရဲ ့အေၾကာင္းကို
ျပန္ေျပာင္းေျပာျပ
အရိုးပံုထဲက တြန္သံမ်ား
ကုန္းရုန္းထၾက
အနာဂတ္ဟာ အမွန္တရားနဲ ့ ၀င္းလက္ေတာက္ပလို ့ …။
(ရွစ္ေလးလံုးအေရးေတာ္ပံုႀကီး ၂၂ ႏွစ္ျပည့္သို ့)
၂၄ ဂ်ဴလိုင္ ၂၀၁၀
An Open Letter to His Excellency Ban Ki-moon
1
An Open Letter to His Excellency Ban Ki-moon,
Secretary-General of the United Nations.
Date 6th August, 2010.
His Excellency Ban Ki-Moon
Secretary-General of the United Nations
United Nations
3 United Nations Plaza
New York, NY 10017
Dear your Excellency,
First of all, let me introduce myself. My name is Tin Win and I am a Burmese democratic
and human right activist living in Japan.
I would like to welcome you to Japan as, first ever UN General Secretary who attend
the Peace Memorial Ceremony in Hiroshima and the first to visit Nagasaki. I also
enthusiastically welcome Your Excellency’s words on intensifying efforts toward nuclear
abolishment. I share Your Excellency’s view that the need to work together toward the
day when governments no longer have a choice but to respond to the will of the people
for a nuclear-free world, by way of Your Excellency have termed in the message to the
Hiroshima Conference for the Total Abolition of Nuclear Weapons by 2020.
As a democratic activist living in Japan I had seen first-hand the drastic reality caused
by the nuclear war. Furthermore, I have been working very closely with the Japanese
Unionists and other Japanese people to send the same massages as Your Excellency
had mentioned in your letter.
I would like to inform Your Excellency that these generals have banned basic human
rights, but spent tens of millions of dollars building the bases with the reported help of
nuclear experts from Russia and North Korea. The first indications of its nuclear
ambitions came last February when army Major Sai Thein Win defected with a dossier
on the secret sites. The several hundred photographs of the plants that Major Win
brought with him have aroused huge interest among defense chiefs in neighboring
Asian countries and western governments.
2
The Directorate of Defense Services, Science and Technology Research Centre in Pyin
Oo Lwin city at the Defense Services Technological Academy manage the country’s
nuclear effort. Evidence has also emerged of a “nuclear battalion” is working at a place
called Thabeikkyin where there are also extensive mining and ore concentrations.
There are suggestions that they are trying to produce yellowcake, a kind of uranium
concentrate powder, for possible use in processing uranium.
Moreover, Burma has obsoleted agreements with the Geneva-based International
Atomic Energy Agency but has not signed protocols that would allow detailed
inspections of the factories. The generals have ignored requests to improve the
agreements that mean the country is virtually exempt from inspections. Nevertheless,
with the generals’ current freedom from sanctions and relative economic prosperity, it is
highly likely that the junta may be able to outsource the technical expertise and tools to
reach its goals far sooner than expected.
In addition to that, Professor Yozo Yokota who was the UN Special Rapporteur on the
Situation of Human Rights in Burma had recently wrote in the Jakarta Post that impunity
prevails in Burma and no action has been taken to bring an end to the war crimes and
crimes against humanity committed by the generals of Burma. That is why he said that
he believe the United Nations has an obligation to respond to the current rapporteur’s
recommendation, establish a commission of inquiry, and propose action.
Given the Balkan-like nature of Burma's domestic situation and its strategic position
between India and China, a nuclear Burma will probably present the single greatest
threat to regional security and will in the long run be very bad for ASEAN countries. The
US and other Asia-Pacific countries have expressed concern that North Korean may
help Burma to become the first nuclear-armed nation in the Southeast Asia, saying the
military ties with North Korea are breaking UN Security Council Resolution 1874.
3
For those reason mentioned above, I would like to appeal Your Excellency to make
every effort, using your good office, to investigate the above mentioned information and
take appropriate actions to halt the doomsday scenario of our future.
Please kindly be warned that rogue nation as North Korea has developed the nuclear
capability by the failure on part of UN to make a concerted actions appropriately and
timely. Please do not allow the generals of Burma to create a new rogue state with
nuclear armaments and with Weapon of Mass Destruction. If Your Excellency fail to
take a timely action, the words you had pronounced in your message will never
materialized.
Respectfully,
Tin Win,
Gunma Prefecture, Ota City,
Ushizawa Chou 1000-1, Ushizawa Shiei Jutaku 3-13,
373-0833 Japan.
Phone/Fax: 0(81)276-38-1036
Mobile 0(81)80-3443-2447
E mail: mtinwin@pc5.so-net.ne.jp
END
4
Wednesday, August 4, 2010
Human Rights Should Be Kan's Foreign Policy Priority
by Kanae Doi
Published in: English-Speaking Union of Japan
August 2, 2010
Now that the Upper House elections are over, Prime Minister Kan Naoto can at last concentrate on governing and making good on his pledge to build a "society with the minimum level of unhappiness." One way Prime Minister Kan could carry out this pledge would be to declare a commitment to "human rights diplomacy" and begin by formulating a vision for eliminating "unhappiness" not just in Japan, but also elsewhere in Asia and around the world.
Looking at only our nearest neighbors in Asia, it is easy to find many people suffering horrendous "unhappiness" - massacres, rape as a weapon of war, arbitrary arrest and torture in detention, the criminalization of free expression, association and assembly, and other forms of political oppression. While non-state actors such as armed insurgents are responsible for some of these horrors, many others are caused by abusive governments.
As a major aid donor to many Asian countries, the Japanese government is in a unique position to assert its leadership to stop these governments from inflicting "grave unhappiness." Japan should be using its membership on various important international bodies such as the United Nations Security Council to raise its voice against these rights abuses. Instead, Japan has been reticent to speak out publicly on behalf of victims of human rights abuses.
China's fast rise presents a special challenge to the world in this area. China claims to be a "responsible power," yet it is also a major human rights abuser. It censors its own people, oppresses ethnic minorities in Tibet and Xinjiang, and imprisons many people for exercising their rights to free expression.
China also faces strong international criticism for its core policy of "non-interference" in the internal affairs of other states. That approach translates into providing considerable quantities of unconditional economic aid to governments regardless of their rights records, and maintaining close bilateral relations with abusive governments such as Burma, Sudan and Zimbabwe.
Since our neighbor China is making such strides in its efforts to emerge as a world power, it becomes all the more important for Japan to revive its profile in the world as a leader, not only in terms of its "hard" power of economic might but also its "soft" power, by strongly promoting a diplomacy based on human rights and the rule of law. However, in reality, Japan has been extremely hesitant in publicly raising human rights issues with its counterparts, including China. Defending its position, Japanese diplomats refer to variety of obstacles including Japan's past abuses in China and elsewhere during the Second World War. While it goes without saying that the Kan administration must be mindful of Japan's past with China, the past abuses should not be a reason to be less vigorous in its support for universal human rights standards. Rather, as a past abuser, Japan has a moral responsibility to protect the victims of on-going abuses.
Further, promoting and protecting human rights in Asia is necessary from a pragmatic standpoint, and consistent with Japan's national interests. In its Manifesto, the Kan administration promised that, "for the creation of an East Asian Community, we will make our best efforts to forge relationships of trust with China, Korea and other Asian countries." But being able to truly trust China should mean pressing it to demonstrate its respect for human rights, instead of borrowing a page from China's strategy of turning a blind eye to abuse.
An independent judiciary and free media can help monitor and ultimately prevent corruption and injustice by government and corporations. Judges and reporters focused on accountability and upholding the rule of law can function as a self-cleansing mechanism for governance, such as doctors who drain the pus before a festering boil of corruption gets out of hand. However, there is neither an independent judiciary nor free media in today's China, leading to a creeping accumulation of dissatisfaction among its people that may explode at any time.
From a long-term strategic perspective, Japan should gradually press China to expand respect for human rights and political freedoms if we are to create an "East Asian Community" with genuine prosperity and stability. This is not only necessary for Japan, but would benefit China as well.
The fight against impunity is another issue on which Japan's principles are being tested. When there is evidence that a war crime may have been committed and the state concerned fails to fulfill its international obligation to investigate, an independent international inquiry is called for, led by a respected body such as the United Nations. Will Japan raise a principled voice in support of justice for the civilian victims of a conflict, or will it tolerate impunity for senior government officials and rebel leaders who abuse human rights? This issue confronts Japan at this very moment over Israel and the Palestinians, as well as Sri Lanka, and Burma.
Ending impunity is essential to prevent future atrocities. As a leading democracy in Asia, Japan should firmly uphold the principle of justice and accountability in its relations with other governments.
Human Rights diplomacy also comes into play with Japan's Official Development Assistance (ODA). It has been two decades since Japan pledged to pay full attention to "the situation regarding the protection of basic human rights and freedoms in the recipient country" as one of the four principles of its ODA Charter, but implementation of these principles has lacked transparency, and at times, disregarded the substance of the principles altogether. We have to remember that China is not the only country criticized for its unconditional financial support to abusive governments. Japan has been a long time major financial supporter to some of the governments with notorious human rights record, including countries such as Sri Lanka, Vietnam, and Burma.
Japan should clearly state that non-humanitarian aid is conditional on the efforts of the recipient government to protect and promote basic human rights, as measured by a concrete set of indicators. If the government is found to be violating basic human rights, based on the indicators, Japan should postpone extending financial aid until the country meets the standards.
With its declining birthrate and aging population, Japan today is feeling increasingly that it is being eclipsed by China and is in need of a positive future vision. Precisely because Japan finds itself in this state, the Kan administration should present a vision of a Japan as a nation that used its diplomatic influence to put a stop to the serious human rights violations around the world. This is Japan's responsibility as a major Asian democracy and a sign that it truly has reached maturity.
The writer is Japan Director of Human Rights Watch.
UN ‘working behind the scenes’ on Burma
http://www.dvb.no/news/un-%e2%80%98working-behind-the-scenes%e2%80%99-on-burma/11073
By FRANCIS WADE
Published: 3 August 2010
The UN has been forced to defend its record on Burma in recent days with the fallout from a leaked memo that slated Ban Ki-moon’s impact on the pariah state showing no signs of easing.
The now-infamous 50-page report, written by Inga-Britt Ahlenius and leaked to the Washington Post in mid-July, said that the UN secretariat is in a “process of decay” after three years of “absence of strategic guidance and leadership” under Ban.
The comments were a parting shot from Ahlenius, who recently finished her post as chief of the UN’s anti-corruption agency, the Office of Internal Oversight (UNOIOS).
“We seem to be seen less and less as a relevant partner in the resolution of world problems,” she said, questioning the UN’s “capacity to protect civilians in conflict and distress…What relevance do we have in disarmament, in Myanmar [Burma], Darfur, Afghanistan, Cyprus, G20…?”
The secretary general used one of his first speeches as UN chief in January 2007 to urge for the release of Burma’s political prisoners, but since his last, and widely criticised, visit to Burma in June last year, he has barely mentioned the country in public.
Moreover, the UN is yet to appoint a successor to Ibrahim Gambari, the equally maligned UN special envoy to Burma who was reassigned to Sudan in late 2009. In January this year it defended the hiatus on reappointing an envoy by claiming that UN Chief of Staff Vijay Nambiar was temporarily filling the role.
But it has again been forced to defend accusations in the wake of the leaked report that it has been lax on pressuring the Burmese junta to reform. One reporter asked Ban’s spokesperson, Martin Nesirky, on 23 July whether the UN had indeed accomplished anything on Burma, which is heading towards widely-criticised elections this year.
“We continue to work, as I also said to you before; the good offices [team] is not one individual, if you like, it’s people working behind the scenes,” he said. “Not everything that happens is in the public eye…Sometimes you see those results quickly, sometimes it takes longer. Certainly we’ve been very public about the need for credible elections in Myanmar.
Nambiar also responded to the Ahlenius report by saying that Ban’s work as secretary general had been “visionary” and that he had balanced his UN role with “providing truly global leadership.”
But critics have argued that his method of dealing in “soft power” has reinforced the growing influence of China within the UN, at a time when Western nations are in a face-off over China’s support for the Burmese junta. Ahlenius said that Ban was “spineless and charmless” and was “struggling to show leadership”, an accusation that has apparently rattled his office.
Author: FRANCIS WADE Category: News, Politics
Burma Turns a Cold Shoulder to the US
Burma Turns a Cold Shoulder to the US
Written by Adam Selene
TUESDAY, 03 AUGUST 2010
'Diplomacy by Stealth' Needed in West's Approach
The renewed dialogue between the US and the Burmese regime has attracted quite a bit of publicity. But these talks have yet to produce any tangible results.
This shouldn't surprise anybody. Off the record, even American diplomats admit that the talks with the ruling State Peace and Development Council (SPDC) are about little more than the dialogue itself. There are no offers on the table. The US is sticking to its policy of demanding democratic change.
In the meantime, President Barack Obama has renewed the US sanctions against Burma. So, in reality, there is no real news on the "Western Front."
What the West needs to realize is that the Burmese regime is not going to bow down publicly. The army in Burma stays in power mainly because it projects a strong image of unity and ruthlessness. Internally, this serves the regime well, because it keeps the Burmese people afraid and off the streets. In the psychological framework of the generals there is no chance they will ever voluntarily show signs of weakness. Junta chief Snr-Gen Than Shwe would lose face and his strongman image would crumble if he granted the US the concessions it wants.
There is another factor undermining the Burma policies of the West. The generals are not only politicians, they are businessmen, too. The SPDC doesn't operate on a basis of trust. It wants rock-solid proof. In its dealings with China and India, the SPDC is used to operating on a tit-for-tat basis. Both parties are clear about what they want and what they will supply.
This deal-making aspect is lacking in the dialogue with the US. The Americans want something but they are vague about what reward, if any, awaits an agreement. This irritates the regime instead of softening it up.
The European Union is also lost in a counter-productive Burma policy. Like the US, the European countries have installed rigid diplomatic and economic sanctions. But to what avail? Hardly anybody believes nowadays that the sanctions have produced anything positive.
A couple of weeks ago, even the Dutch Foreign Secretary Maxime Verhagen – known to be a hardliner on Burma issues – admitted in a speech that the sanctions haven't delivered. But he added quickly that he thought it was not an option to remove the sanctions, probably because it would rob the EU of the only card it has in its poker game with the regime.
It looks as if the EU has painted itself into a corner, too.
The counterproductive policies of the EU and the US are all the more sad since important processes are well underway in Burma. Exiled opposition forces may dismiss the elections as a sham, but the fact remains that the new constitution and the elections offer some freedoms and a level of participation that was sorely missing in recent decades.
Instead of marginalizing itself, the West should do everything within its powers to improve the democratic nature of the elections. The old approach hasn't worked out, so a new one is needed. And quickly.
Two things are important. First, there should be a willingness to deal with the regime. Yes, the SPDC is a rogue government. But currently it is the only government in town. If anybody is sincere in the need to achieve anything in Burma, deals are inevitable. The sanctions can still be used as bargaining chips. Better still is to make the first move. Offer something and be clear about the nature of the "reward" — and build on that.
Of course, this is shaky ground because for the West, with all its democratic checks and balances and a past of morally inspired Burma policies, it is hard to start whistling a completely new tune. But time is running out. The elections are casting their shadow ahead, despite the regime being unwilling to announce a date yet. So better hurry.
The second important thing is not to publicly make a numbers game out of it. Let the regime have its deal and receive the credit for the softer line it takes. It's the result that counts. The minute the West makes it seem as if the generals have bowed down, trust will be shattered and it will be back to square one.
What the West needs now is deal-making and diplomacy by stealth. If that means taking flak and biting the bullet so be it.
The Irrawaddy
Adam Selene is a journalist based in Bangkok.
Tuesday, August 3, 2010
Letter to His Excellency Ban Ki-moon,General Secretary-The United Nations
To
Mr. Ban Ki-moon
General Secretary
The United Nations
Dated – 3-8-2010
Dear Mr. Ban Ki-moon,
First of all, we would like to let you know that our Burmese people would be suffering more
grievances evidently because of the gross violation of human rights and lack of rule of law
under the Burmese dictatorial regime and there will be a bigger burden on the shoulders of
international community including the United Nations as long as all of us cannot set the
following targets in Burma’s political affairs -
1. the current regime should recognize Burma’s 1990 election result appropriately;
2. all concerned parties should amend the 2008 Constitution to be compatible with a
democratic standard,
3. all political prisoners including Daw Aung San Suu Kyi should be released immediately
and unconditionally, and
4. all inclusive dialogue for national reconciliation should be launched immediately.
Without implementing such targets, it is very clear that we cannot make political progress to
change Burma as a democratic nation.
The Burmese regime was completely ignorant of the above-mentioned targets; instead, it
continued to announce its one-sided 2010 Election Law based on the so-undemocratic 2008
Constitution. It should be well aware that any election in accordance with such election law
cannot be considered a free and fair election which the UN and international community have
long expected.
If the current Burmese regime holds an election desperately without the above-mentioned
important political process, as this will not certainly be the much needed one that our
Burmese people and international community including the UN, we request you to use your
good office to leverage the United Nations not to recognize the result of such election.
In addition to these political affairs, we strongly urge you to consider without delay a report
from Mr. Tomás Ojea Quintana, the UN Special Rapporteur on human rights in Burma, in
which he has recommended that the UN should consider establishing a Commission of
Inquiry into war crimes and crimes against humanity by the Burmese government.
2
As the IAEA has planned to play a big role in insuring that nuclear materials do not fall into
the wrong hands, we again request you to take necessary measure against the Burmese
junta who has been aiming to develop nuclear weapons despite being a member of the
nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), a global anti-nuclear arms pact, and of the IAEA.
Finally, we would like to let you know that there will be no economic development for our
Burmese people but only for the unnecessarily longer dictatorship in Burma when Daewoo
Group, a major conglomerate from your native South Korea, has invested extremely in Burma
and collaborated with the junta leaders for their bilateral self-interest.
May you be well during your official trip to Japan!
From:
Burmese democratic forces in Japan
N.B. We are individuals and groups of pro-democracy Burmese community in Japan.
ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံေရာက္ ကုလသမဂၢ အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမႉးခ်ဳပ္ ဘန္ကီမြန္းအား တိုက္တြန္းေတာင္းဆိုသည့္ လႈပ္ရွားမႈ
Tuesday, August 3, 2010
ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံေရာက္ ကုလသမဂၢ အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမႉးခ်ဳပ္ ဘန္ကီမြန္းအား တိုက္တြန္းေတာင္းဆိုသည့္ လႈပ္ရွားမႈ
ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံ ဟီရိုရွီးမားၿမိဳ့ႏွင့္ နာဂါဆာကီးၿမိဳ့မ်ားတြင္ က်င္းပရန္ရွိသည့္ Peace Memorial ႏွစ္ပတ္လည္ အခမ္းအနားသို႔ တက္ေရာက္လာမည့္ ကုလသမဂၢ အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမႉးခ်ဳပ္ ဘန္ကီမြန္းအား ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံေရာက္ ျမန္မာ့ဒီမိုကေရစီ အင္အားစုတို႔မွ ျမန္မာ့အေရးႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ တိုက္တြန္း ေတာင္းဆိုသည့္ လႈပ္ရွားမႈတရပ္ကို တိုက်ိဳ Shibuya UN House ေရွ႔၌ ယေန႔ ညေန ၃း၀၀ နာရီ မွ ၄း၀၀ နာရီအထိ က်င္းပျပဳလုပ္ခဲ့ပါသည္။
အေထြေထြအတြင္းေရးမႉးခ်ဳပ္ ဘန္ကီမြန္းအား ျမန္မာ့အေရးႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္သည့္ တိုက္တြန္း ေတာင္းဆိုသည့္စာကို ကုလသမဂၢရုံး(ဂ်ပန္)တာ၀န္ရွိသူ Mr.KAWADE NOBUYUKI မွလကၡံရယူေပးခဲ့ပါသည္။ တိုက္တြန္း ေတာင္းဆိုသည့္စာတြင္ လက္ရွိ ျမန္မာႏိူင္ငံ၏ အေထြေထြ အက်ပ္အတည္းမ်ားကို ၿငိမ္းခ်မ္းစြာ ေျဖရွင္းႏိုင္ရန္အတြက္ ေရႊဂံုတိုင္ ေၾကညာစာတမ္းပါ အခ်က္မ်ားကို ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံေရာက္ ျမန္မာ့ဒီမိုကေရစီ အင္အားစုတို႔မွ အဓိကထားၿပီး တိုက္တြန္း ေတာင္းဆိုထားပါသည္။
ေရႊဂံုတိုင္ ေၾကညာစာတမ္းပါ ေတာင္းဆိုခ်က္မ်ားကို နအဖ စစ္အာဏာပိုင္တို႔က လံုးဝ လစ္လ်ဴရႈကာ ၂ဝ၁ဝ မတ္လတြင္ ၎တို႔စိတ္ႀကိဳက္ တဘက္သပ္ ေရးဆြဲထားေသာ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ ဥပေဒမွာ ဒီမိုကေရစီ စံႏႈန္းမ်ား မျပည့္စံုဘဲ ရွိေနသျဖင့္ ကုလသမဂၢႏွင့္ ႏိုင္ငံတကာမွ ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ထားသည့္ ဒီမိုကေရစီ အသြင္ေျပာင္းေရးအတြက္ လြတ္လပ္၍ တရားမွ်တေသာ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ ျဖစ္မလာႏိုင္ေၾကာင္းကိုလည္း ဘန္ကီမြန္းအား တပ္မွန္ၿပီး အသိေပးျခင္းျဖစ္ပါသည္။ တိုက္တြန္းေတာင္းဆိုမႈမ်ားကို လစ္လ်ဴရႈလ်က္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကို ဇြတ္အတင္း က်င္းပလာမည္ ဆိုပါက ကုလသမဂၢ အပါအဝင္ ႏိုင္ငံတကာက အလိုရွိအပ္ေသာ ဒီမိုကေရစီ အသြင္ကူးေျပာင္းျခင္း မဟုတ္သျဖင့္ အဆိုပါ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ၏ ရလဒ္ကို ကုလသမဂၢမွ အသိအမွတ္ မျပဳရန္ ဘန္ကီမြန္းအား တိုက္တြန္းေတာင္းဆိုခဲ့ပါသည္။
အထက္ေဖာ္ျပပါ ႏိုင္ငံေရးကိစၥမ်ားအျပင္ ျမန္မာနအဖ စစ္အစိုးရမွ အႀကီးအက်ယ္ က်ဴးလြန္ေနေသာ စစ္ရာဇဝတ္မႈမ်ား (war crimes) ႏွင့္ လူသားမ်ားအေပၚ က်ဴးလြန္သည့္ ရာဇဝတ္မႈမ်ား(crimes against humanity) ကို စံုစမ္းစစ္ေဆးရန္ ေကာ္မရွင္တရပ္ ဖြဲ႔စည္းေရးကို ကုလသမဂၢမွ သံုးသပ္ စဥ္းစားသင့္ေၾကာင္း ကုလသမဂၢ အထူးကိုယ္စားလွယ္ Tomas Ojea Quintana ၏ အစီရင္ခံစာကို ဘန္ကီမြန္းမွ အေလးအနက္ထားကာ အေရးယူ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေပးသင့္ေၾကာင္းႏွင့္ သံသယျဖစ္ဖြယ္ရာ အႏုျမဴလက္နက္မ်ားကို ထုတ္လုပ္ရန္ ၾကံစည္ႀကိဳးပမ္းေနျခင္းကို ကုလသမဂၢအေနျဖင့္ လစ္လ်ဴမရႈပဲ လိုအပ္သလို အေရးယူ တားဆီးေပးရန္ စသည့္အခ်က္မ်ားကိုပါ ထည့္သြင္းေတာင္းဆိုထားေၾကာင္း သိရွိရပါသည္။တိုက္တြန္းေတာင္းဆိုသည့္ အခမ္းအနားတြင္ ဂ်ပန္ႏိုင္ငံေရာက္ ျမန္မာ့ဒီမိုကေရစီ အင္အားစု စုစုေပါင္း ၉၀ ခန္႔ ပူးေပါင္း ပါ၀င္ခဲ့ၾကေၾကာင္း သိရွိရပါသည္။
သတင္းမွတ္တမ္း ။ Mai Kyaw Oo
မွတ္တမ္းဓါတ္ပုံ ။ Lian Khan Sum(CNC-Japan)
【22年目の8888】ビルマ民主化運動22周年記念デモ行進のご案内―ビルマ軍政のすすめる総選挙に反対！
みなさま、
今年も、ビルマ民主化運動22周年を記念して8月8日（日）14時より、
在日ビルマ人のみなさんがデモ行進を行います。
以下、案内文をいただきましたので、転送いたします。
この日はビルマの民主化運動の中でももっとも大事な日とされ、
日本での活動の中でも最も多くの参加者があります。
（昨年はなんと1,300人以上。）
今年はビルマ軍政が実施しようとしている総選挙に反対の意味を
こめて、”Boycott 2010 Burma SPDC’s Election !!”のスローガン
のもと、在日ビルマ人のみなさんが現在準備をすすめています。
日本の方もぜひご参加ください。
★昨年の8888デモ行進の様子はこちら（写真）：
http://pfbkatsudo.blogspot.com/2009/08/21881300.html
ビルマ市民フォーラム事務局
http://www1.jca.apc.org/pfb/
-------------------------------------------------
Boycott 2010 Burma SPDC’s Election !!
-------------------------------------------------
22年目の8月8日
8888ビルマ民主化運動記念デモ行進のお知らせ（東京）
-------------------------------------------------
■日 時：2010年8月8日（日） 午後2時集合
■集合場所： 東京・五反田南公園（ＪＲ五反田駅から徒歩3分）
■スケジュール： 午後2時 集合（集会・参加団体のスピーチなど）
午後2時半頃 デモ行進スタート
■行 程:五反田南公園から在日ビルマ大使館前を通り直後に解散
（40分程）
■主 催：在日ビルマ人共同実行委員会(JAC)ほか
在日ビルマ民主化活動家のみなさん
-------------------------------------------------
ビルマにおける軍事独裁主義を打倒するために、民主主義のために、
学生や僧侶、国民全員が参加した「8888ビルマ民主化運動」から
今月8月8日に22周年目を迎えます。
私たち学生や僧侶、国民全体が闘争に加わり1988年8月8日に起きた
8888民主化運動では、ビルマ社会主義計画党の軍事独裁者らによる
虐殺行為にもかかわらず、私たちは一党独裁制を打倒しました。
しかしながら国民全員が待ち望んでいる真の民主主義はまだ実現
しておりません。８８８８民主化運動のなかで命を落とされた勇敢な
人々、運動の代価となった数々の負傷や流血、軍靴の下からの解放、
国民の願い・・・これらのための闘争はまだ終わっていません。
私たちの闘争を支援してくれた、支援してくれている、各国際機関・
団体や個々人の皆さんに改めてここに感謝の意を表するものです。
今後ともビルマの民主主義獲得のために、皆さんが輪になって支援
してくださいますよう、お願い申し上げます。
-------------------------------------------------
China Setting Milestone as Economy Passes Japan's
China Setting Milestone as Economy Passes Japan's
China milestone: Economy seen overtaking Japan's, highlighting challenges at home and abroad
By JOE McDONALD
The Associated Press
BEIJING
China is set to overtake Japan as the world's second-largest economy in a resurgence that is changing everything from the global balance of military and financial power to how cars are designed.
By some measures it has already moved to second place after the U.S. in total economic output a milestone that would underline a pre-eminence not seen since the 18th century, when the Middle Kingdom last served as Asia's military, technological and cultural power.
China is already the biggest exporter, auto buyer and steel producer, and its worldwide influence is growing. The fortunes of companies from Detroit automakers to Brazilian iron miners depend on spending by China's consumers and corporations. And rising wealth brings political presence: Chinese pressure helped to win developing countries a bigger voice in the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.
"Japan was the powerhouse driving the rest of Asia," said Rob Subbaraman, chief Asia economist for Nomura Securities. "Now the tide is turning and China is becoming a powerful influence on the rest of Asia, including Japan."
China's rise has produced glaring contradictions. The wealth gap between an elite who profited most from three decades of reform and its poor majority is so extreme that China has dozens of billionaires while average income for the rest of its 1.3 billion people is among the world's lowest. Beijing has launched two manned space missions and is talking about exporting high-speed trains to California and Europe while families in remote areas live in cave houses cut into hillsides.
Japan's people still are among the world's richest, with a per capita income of $37,800 last year, compared with China's $3,600. So are Americans at $42,240, their economy still by far the biggest. But Japan is trapped in a two-decade-old economic slump, the U.S. is wrestling with a financial crisis, and China's sheer economic size and the lure of its vast consumer market adds to its clout abroad.
Its explosive growth has driven conflicting shifts in Asia and beyond, triggering a scramble for commercial opportunity but fueling unease that the wealth is helping to finance a military buildup to press the communist government's claims in the region.
"I think everyone in the region is trying to benefit from Chinese economic dynamism but at the same time is trying to make sure China does not become a regional hegemon," said Greg Sheridan, foreign editor of The Australian newspaper.
Exactly when China passes Japan formally will be unclear until after this year ends. It depends on shifting exchange rates and data reported in different forms by the two governments.
Chinese GDP in 2009 was $4.98 trillion and Japan's was $5.07 trillion. In 2010, Chinese GDP was $1.335 trillion for the April-June quarter a period for which Tokyo has yet to report. China is growing at 10 percent a year, while Japan's expansion this year is forecast at no more than 3 percent.
"On that basis, the crossover probably happened last quarter," said Julian Jessop, chief international economist for Capital Economics in London, in an e-mail.
Beijing appears to take it for granted that it already has overtaken Japan.
"China already is the world's second-biggest economic body," said a deputy central bank governor, Yi Gang, in a policy discussion posted July 30 on the foreign exchange agency's website.
Australia has been one of the biggest beneficiaries as China's voracious appetite for iron ore, coal and other commodities drove a mining boom that kept its economy growing through the global crisis.
That booming trade prompted Australia to reconsider its stance toward China, previously seen as a communist aggressor. In 2008, then-Prime Minister Kevin Rudd, a Mandarin-speaker who was a diplomat in Beijing, called for closer political, economic and academic engagement with the Chinese government.
But Rudd also displayed Australia's independence from Beijing by talking about human rights, Tibet and China's Muslim minorities issues Chinese leaders want other countries to keep quiet about. And Australia affirmed its longtime security alliance with Washington a counterweight to China's growing might. Rudd's successor, Julia Gillard, has given no sign of a major change of direction.
In the long historical view, China's 21st century rise is a return to the status it held for most of the past 2,000 years as "Zhong Hua," or the Central Brightness, East Asia's economic and military giant and a beacon of technology and elite culture to societies from Vietnam to Korea to Japan.
China's was the biggest economy, with its workshops and textile mills accounting for up to one-third of global manufacturing. But it went into steep decline in the 19th century as its rulers resisted mimicking Japan's embrace of Western technology. By the 1930s, China produced just a few percent of global factory output.
After a civil war, communist takeover and political upheaval, free-enterprise reforms pioneered by leader Deng Xiaoping opened the door for hundreds of millions of Chinese to work their way out of poverty.
Since those reforms began in 1979, China has grown into the world's low-cost factory, its biggest exporter and producer of half its steel. It wants to evolve beyond cheap manufacturing and is trying to build up technology industries but has had little success so far.
Last year, the World Bank ranked China 124th among economies in per capita income, behind Latin America and some African nations, while Japan was No. 32. The United States was 17th.
Yet already, China's consumers are so avidly courted by global companies that products from autos to home appliances destined for sale worldwide are designed with their tastes in mind. This year, French luxury goods maker Hermes Group unveiled a brand, Shang Xia, to be designed specifically for Chinese customers.
Unlike Japan, which renounced aggressive force after its World War II defeat, Beijing sees itself as Asia's rightful military leader. It has openly possessed nuclear weapons since the 1960s and is spending heavily to build up the Communist Party's military arm, the 2.5 million-soldier People's Liberation Army.
Beijing's military outlays are the world's second-highest and have tripled since 2000 to an estimated $100 billion last year, though well behind Washington's $617 billion, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute.
China's demand for oil, iron ore and other raw materials is pumping money into developing economies as far-flung as Angola and Kazakhstan that supply them. Chinese companies are making inroads into Africa in search of resources and markets.
"Now, Africa has an alternative development model," said Derek Scissors, a Heritage Foundation scholar in Washington. Instead of Western investment with environmental or other strings attached, Scissors said, "they now see the Chinese as an alternative: 'We don't want to deal with you. We'll get some Chinese state-owned company to put $1.5 billion into this mining project.' "
Chinese pressure helped to trigger the biggest changes in decades in the U.S.- and European-dominated World Bank and IMF, which agreed to give China, Turkey, Mexico and other developing countries a bigger say in picking leaders and deciding policy.
The boom has helped communist leaders pay to cultivate "soft power" educational and media activity to win hearts and minds abroad.
Of course, even after slipping to third place, Japan is still rich and comfortable the Switzerland of Asia.
The society that created hybrid cars and the Walkman has 99 percent literacy and the world's longest life expectancy at 83 years. Tokyo is the capital of fine dining, with more Michelin-starred restaurants than Paris.
Toyota has overtaken General Motors as the biggest global automaker at a time when China companies have yet to establish their own brand names.
Now, with Japan in the rear view mirror, can China catch up with the United States?
Yes, say many analysts.
China could match the U.S. in total output as early as 2020, said a World Bank forecast in June. But still, it said per capita income would be one-fourth the U.S. level, comparable to Malaysia or Latin America.
Achieving even that will require China's unelected, secretive leaders to radically change their state-dominated economy.
They need to promote technology and education, fight rampant corruption that is stoking public anger and resist temptation to favor government-owned companies at the expense of a dynamic private sector that creates jobs and wealth.
Success is far from guaranteed, warn the World Bank and others.
They say China, Mexico and other developing countries easily can stall at middle-income levels if they fail to develop an educated, creative work force and legal systems to support innovation or if they allow entrenched companies to stifle competition.
"Are they going to pass the U.S. in total GDP? Yes, very likely," said Scissors. "Are they going to move into upper-middle-income status? That's a much tougher thing."
———
Associated Press writer Tomoko A. Hosaka in Tokyo contributed to this report.
Copyright 2010 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten, or redistributed.
Copyright © 2010 ABC News Internet Ventures
Posts
