COPY FROM http://luthuorthan.blogspot.com/
Showing posts with label NLD. Show all posts
Showing posts with label NLD. Show all posts
Thursday, May 12, 2011
AUNG SAN SUU KYI SPEECH TO PROVIDE POLITICAL PRISONERS FAMILIES-10-MAY-2011
Sunday, February 13, 2011
Wednesday, December 22, 2010
スー・チーさんに連帯呼びかけ ミャンマーＮＬＤ議長
産経新聞 12月21日(火)19時42分配信
拡大写真
タン・ニェイン議長（写真：産経新聞）
【シンガポール＝宮野弘之】ミャンマーの野党、国民民主勢力（ＮＤＦ）のタン・ニェイン議長は２１日までに、産経新聞のインタビューに応じ、２月までに招集される新たな国会では、他の民主化勢力や民族政党との野党連合を結成し、国軍与党と対峙（たいじ）していく方針を明らかにした。また、民主化運動指導者のアウン・サン・スー・チーさんに対し、彼女が率いた旧国民民主連盟（ＮＬＤ）の枠を超え、ともに民主化運動を進めることに期待を示した。
ＮＤＦは、選挙のボイコットをＮＬＤが決めたことに反発、同議長や幹部のキン・マウン・スエ氏らが立ち上げた政党で、先の総選挙では、最大都市ヤンゴンを中心に１６議席を獲得した。選管の最終発表はないが、国軍の代理政党とされる連邦団結発展党（ＵＳＤＰ）は下院で７９・６％にあたる２５９議席を確保したとされる。
今回の選挙結果について、同議長は「予想以上に少ない議席だが、ＮＤＦが政治的な目的を実現するための足場ができる。そこで民主勢力を統合し国民の困窮や必要なもの、望むことについて質問し、修正を求めていく」と述べた。
具体的には、野党のラカイン民族開発党、連合民主党、統一民主党、さらにモンやチン族の民族政党と国会内での協力を進める方針だ。同席したキン・マウン・スエ氏によると、野党共通の課題として、全政治犯の釈放や経済改革、健康・社会問題をとりあげていくことで一致したという。
議長はさらに「従来の野党のように、単に与党と対立するだけでなく、責任ある立場から国民の利益のために行動する」と語った。
一方、選挙参加をめぐる路線対立から分派した旧ＮＬＤとの関係について、同議長は「旧ＮＬＤが選挙をボイコットし、政党登録をしないと決めたのに対し、われわれは仮に法律が不公正でも、真の民主政党は戦うためには法に従い、存在すべきだと考えた。それが彼らとたもとを分かった理由だ。彼らにその気があるなら、和解することはやぶさかではない」と述べた。
同時にスー・チーさんについて議長は「彼女の国への愛情、国民のために犠牲となることをいとわない決意と勇気には疑問の余地はない。ただ、彼女が現実の政治から離れている間に物事は大きく変わった。彼女がそれに気づき、われわれと一緒に民主運動を引っ張っていくことを期待している」と述べた。
Wednesday, May 26, 2010
Tuesday, March 30, 2010
NLD Says 'No' to Election
NLD Says 'No' to Election
By TaunggyNLD Says 'No' to Election
By Taunggyi Time သတင္း
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By THE IRRAWADDY Monday, March 29, 2010
Burma's main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), on Monday decided against registering for the general election this year, a party spokesman told The Irrawaddy.
“Without any objections, all the party leaders reached a consensus not to register the party and join the election because the junta's election laws are unjust,” said senior party official Khin Maung Swe who attended the meeting at the party's Rangoon headquarters. “We also agreed to call for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and all other political prisoners.”
Members of the detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy gather at Rangoon's headquarters before its central committee meeting on March 29. (Photo: AP)
Party officials said that the lawyer of detained leader Suu Kyi read out a message from Suu Kyi to the party leaders at the meeting and said that “Daw Suu could not accept the party registering under the unjust laws, but she said that neither she nor anyone else owns the party. Therefore, the party members have to make the decision by themselves democratically.”
The party's 92-year-old party chairman, Aung Shwe, who recently voiced support for the party registering and taking part in the election, did not join in the meeting, but instead sent a letter stating that he would follow Suu Kyi's decision, according to the party spokesman.
Nearly 160 party representatives from across the country gathered at the party's headquarters to take part in the meeting. The discussion mainly heard the views of the party's central committee members. Reportedly, only one of them voiced the opinion that a political party “cannot be involved in politics without existing.”
“U Tin Wai from Kachin State expressed his opinion on party registration, but accepted the majority decision,” said Ohn Kyaing, a party official. The election laws prohibit parties from having members who are currently in detention, so a decision to register would have forced Suu Kyi out of the party.
About 50 party members wearing white T-shirts bearing a slogan saying “No” gathered in front of the party compound. Female party members were also reportedly holding a large green gourd presented to them by Suu Kyi last Tuesday through her lawyer. The word “No” is said to have been written on the gourd.
Although security was heightened with four riot police trucks deployed near the party headquarters, there were no reports of harassment of NLD leaders by the authorities.
Before the meeting, several township representatives and party youth leaders declared that they will stand by Suu Kyi's stance against registration, claiming that they can still struggle for democratic rights without a political party.
The party decision would appear to ensure that the NLD will cease to exist as a legal entity as of the May 7 deadline for party registration, according to the election law.
Many observers are currently speculating what will become of the party after it ceases to be a valid political entity, and what kind of action the regime will take against the NLD's leadership and its party members.
A political analyst in Rangoon, said that what the NLD does after May 7 would depend on the wit and wisdom of the party leaders at the local level.
Reuters correspondent Martin Perry said, “The boycott, however, could backfire and marginalize the NLD, possibly leading to its dissolution. Its credibility as a pro-democracy force will be questioned now it has spurned the chance to be part of a political transition that the junta itself says will be lengthy and challenging.”
Perry said that the decision of the NLD “came as a disappointment to the international community, which has long painted Suu Kyi and the NLD as the people's choice and the best hope for a democratic Myanmar [Burma].”
In Suu Kyi's statement, she said that the party will not come to an end, and she also relayed a message to the Burmese people saying that she will continue her efforts for democracy.
Last week, Suu Kyi reportedly told her lawyers that if the imprisoned former student leader Min Ko Naing could fight for democracy in Burma without a political “signpost,” she could do the same.
Charismatic Min Ko Naing and several student activists of the 88 Generation Students group were arrested in 2007 and sentenced to lengthy prison terms.
The election laws bar more than 2,000 political prisoners from taking part in the election which junta chief Snr-Gen Than Shwe described as “the very beginning of the process of fostering democracy” in his speech on Armed Forces Day in Naypyidaw on Saturday.
No date has been announced for the upcoming election, which critics have called a sham designed to keep the military in power through the facade of an elected government.
The NLD won a landslide victory in Burma's last election in 1990, but the results were never honored by the regime. Party leader Suu Kyi is currently serving an 18-month term of house arrest. With her sentence due to expire in November, Suu Kyi would not be released before the polls expected in October.
http://www.irrawadd y.org/highlight. php?art_id= 18143&page=2i Time သတင္း
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
By THE IRRAWADDY Monday, March 29, 2010
Burma's main opposition party, the National League for Democracy (NLD), on Monday decided against registering for the general election this year, a party spokesman told The Irrawaddy.
“Without any objections, all the party leaders reached a consensus not to register the party and join the election because the junta's election laws are unjust,” said senior party official Khin Maung Swe who attended the meeting at the party's Rangoon headquarters. “We also agreed to call for the release of Aung San Suu Kyi and all other political prisoners.”
Members of the detained pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy gather at Rangoon's headquarters before its central committee meeting on March 29. (Photo: AP)
Party officials said that the lawyer of detained leader Suu Kyi read out a message from Suu Kyi to the party leaders at the meeting and said that “Daw Suu could not accept the party registering under the unjust laws, but she said that neither she nor anyone else owns the party. Therefore, the party members have to make the decision by themselves democratically.”
The party's 92-year-old party chairman, Aung Shwe, who recently voiced support for the party registering and taking part in the election, did not join in the meeting, but instead sent a letter stating that he would follow Suu Kyi's decision, according to the party spokesman.
Nearly 160 party representatives from across the country gathered at the party's headquarters to take part in the meeting. The discussion mainly heard the views of the party's central committee members. Reportedly, only one of them voiced the opinion that a political party “cannot be involved in politics without existing.”
“U Tin Wai from Kachin State expressed his opinion on party registration, but accepted the majority decision,” said Ohn Kyaing, a party official. The election laws prohibit parties from having members who are currently in detention, so a decision to register would have forced Suu Kyi out of the party.
About 50 party members wearing white T-shirts bearing a slogan saying “No” gathered in front of the party compound. Female party members were also reportedly holding a large green gourd presented to them by Suu Kyi last Tuesday through her lawyer. The word “No” is said to have been written on the gourd.
Although security was heightened with four riot police trucks deployed near the party headquarters, there were no reports of harassment of NLD leaders by the authorities.
Before the meeting, several township representatives and party youth leaders declared that they will stand by Suu Kyi's stance against registration, claiming that they can still struggle for democratic rights without a political party.
The party decision would appear to ensure that the NLD will cease to exist as a legal entity as of the May 7 deadline for party registration, according to the election law.
Many observers are currently speculating what will become of the party after it ceases to be a valid political entity, and what kind of action the regime will take against the NLD's leadership and its party members.
A political analyst in Rangoon, said that what the NLD does after May 7 would depend on the wit and wisdom of the party leaders at the local level.
Reuters correspondent Martin Perry said, “The boycott, however, could backfire and marginalize the NLD, possibly leading to its dissolution. Its credibility as a pro-democracy force will be questioned now it has spurned the chance to be part of a political transition that the junta itself says will be lengthy and challenging.”
Perry said that the decision of the NLD “came as a disappointment to the international community, which has long painted Suu Kyi and the NLD as the people's choice and the best hope for a democratic Myanmar [Burma].”
In Suu Kyi's statement, she said that the party will not come to an end, and she also relayed a message to the Burmese people saying that she will continue her efforts for democracy.
Last week, Suu Kyi reportedly told her lawyers that if the imprisoned former student leader Min Ko Naing could fight for democracy in Burma without a political “signpost,” she could do the same.
Charismatic Min Ko Naing and several student activists of the 88 Generation Students group were arrested in 2007 and sentenced to lengthy prison terms.
The election laws bar more than 2,000 political prisoners from taking part in the election which junta chief Snr-Gen Than Shwe described as “the very beginning of the process of fostering democracy” in his speech on Armed Forces Day in Naypyidaw on Saturday.
No date has been announced for the upcoming election, which critics have called a sham designed to keep the military in power through the facade of an elected government.
The NLD won a landslide victory in Burma's last election in 1990, but the results were never honored by the regime. Party leader Suu Kyi is currently serving an 18-month term of house arrest. With her sentence due to expire in November, Suu Kyi would not be released before the polls expected in October.
http://www.irrawadd y.org/highlight. php?art_id= 18143&page=2
Saturday, February 27, 2010
Anger greets Suu Kyi conviction
Supporters of Aung San Suu Kyi reacted angrily to her conviction
World leaders have reacted with anger and disappointment to the conviction of Burmese pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi for violating security laws.
The UN called for her immediate release after she was sentenced to a further 18 months of house arrest - where she has spent 14 of the past 20 years.
The US, the European Union, Britain and France were among those who condemned the verdict.
But trading partners China and India have made no public comment.
The UN Security Council adjourned an emergency session without agreeing a response to the sentencing, and will resume deliberations on Wednesday.
Keeping Aung San Suu Kyi under arrest... does not serve the proclaimed national interest
Ton van Lierop
EU spokesman
Profile: Aung San Suu Kyi
Burmese reaction
International sanctions
Putting pressure on Burma
Britain's ambassador to the UN, John Sawers, who is head of the Security Council this month, said some countries, including China and Russia, had asked for more time to consider a draft statement condemning the verdict.
Ms Suu Kyi was on trial for allowing a US national, John Yettaw, into her lakeside home after he swam there uninvited. Mr Yettaw was jailed for seven years, including four years of hard labour.
Critics of Burma's military regime say the verdict is designed to prevent Ms Suu Kyi from taking part in elections scheduled for 2010.
'Sham trial'
UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon has said he "strongly deplores" the verdict and called for Ms Suu Kyi to be freed.
"Unless she and all other political prisoners in Myanmar [Burma] are released and allowed to participate in free and fair elections, the credibility of the political process will remain in doubt," he said.
The UN special envoy to Burma, Ibrahim Gambari, said Ms Suu Kyi was "absolutely indispensable to the resumption of a political process that can lead to national reconciliation".
US President Barack Obama called for her "immediate unconditional release", describing the extension of house arrest as unjust.
ANALYSIS
Tin Htar Swe, BBC Burmese Service editor
This verdict was unexpected. Aung San Suu Kyi herself was expecting a more severe sentence when she recently told visiting diplomats that her punishment "was obviously going to be painful".
It seems that the ruling party's real intention is to make sure she cannot influence the forthcoming elections in any way.
No one will have access to her without the authorities' approval.
A spokesman for the European Union, Ton van Lierop, said the further detention of the 64-year-old was unacceptable.
"Keeping Aung San Suu Kyi under arrest under fabricated reasons violates her fundamental freedoms, and does not serve the proclaimed national interest either," he told the BBC.
UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown said he was "saddened and angry" by the verdict in what he called a "sham" trial.
In a strongly-worded statement, he condemned the "purely political sentence".
A statement from the office of Nicolas Sarkozy said the French president was calling on the European Union to impose new sanctions on Burma.
Asian response
Human rights organisations and political parties have been swift to criticise the sentence
Ms Suu Kyi's previous period of house arrest expired on 27 May. This new term will mean she is still in detention during the polls, which are expected to take place in about May 2010.
Her party, the National League for Democracy, won the last elections in 1990 but was never allowed to take power.
In Asia, the governments of Indonesia and the Philippines have been outspoken in condemning the sentence.
But, says the BBC's Jill McGivering, it is notable that two of Burma's biggest trading partners and allies - India and China - have avoided public comment on the trial.
India and China, with Thailand, have been accused by critics of propping up the military government, especially in recent years as growing economic sanctions have strangled its trade relationship with the West.
Monday, February 15, 2010
ေနအိမ္ အက်ယ္ခ်ဳပ္မွ လြတ္ေျမာက္လာသူ ဦးတင္ဦးက ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၏ လမ္းညႊန္ခ်က္အတိုင္း ဒီမိုကေရစီေရး ဆက္လက္ေဆာင္ရြက္ သြားမည္ဟုေျပာ
http://saffrontoward.blogspot.com/2010/02/blog-post_13.html
ရန္ကုန္ ၊ ေဖေဖၚဝါရီ ၁၃။
ျမန္မာ့တပ္မေတာ္၏ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးေဟာင္းႏွင့္ NLD ၏ ဒုဥကၠဌ ျဖစ္သူ ဦးတင္ဦးသည္ ယေန႔ ညေနပိုင္းက ေနအိမ္ အက်ယ္ခ်ဳပ္ က်ခံေနရရာမွ ျပန္လည္ လြတ္ေျမာက္လာခဲ့ၿပီးေနာက္ သတင္းေထာက္မ်ား၏ ေမးျမန္း ခ်က္မ်ားကို ေျဖၾကားရာတြင္ ဒီမိုကေရစီအေရးအတြက္ ဆက္လက္ ေဆာင္ရြက္သြားမည္ဟု ေျပာၾကားခဲ့ေၾကာင္း သိရပါသည္။
ေနအိမ္အက်ယ္ခ်ဳပ္ႏွင့္ အက်ဥ္းေထာင္တို႔တြင္ ခုႏွစ္နီးပါးခန္႔ ေနခဲ့ရသူ ယခု အသက္ ၈၃ႏွစ္ ရွိၿပီ ျဖစ္သူ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးေဟာင္းႏွင့္ NLD ၏ ဒုဥကၠဌ ျဖစ္သူ သူရ ဦးတင္ဦးသည္ ယေန႔ည ၈နာရီ ၃၀ က ေနအိမ္ အက်ယ္ ခ်ဳပ္မွ ျပန္လည္ လြတ္ေျမာက္လာၿပီ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
၁၉၆၄ခုႏွစ္မွ ၁၉၆၆ ခုႏွစ္အထိ တပ္မေတာ္၏ ကာကြယ္ေရး ဦးစီးခ်ဳပ္အျဖစ္ တာဝန္ ထမ္းေဆာင္ခဲ့ဘူးသူ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္ႀကီးေဟာင္း သူရ ဦးတင္ဦးက လြတ္ေျမာက္လာၿပီးသည့္ေနာက္ NLD ၏ ဒုဥကၠဌ တာဝန္ကို ဆက္လက္ ထမ္းေဆာင္သြားမည္ဟု ေျပာဆိုခဲ့သလို လက္ရွိေနအိမ္ အက်ယ္ခ်ဳပ္ က်ခံေနရဆဲျဖစ္ေသာ ျမန္မာ့ အတိုက္အခံ ဒီမိုကေရစီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၏ ဦးေဆာင္မႈ အတိုင္း ဆက္လက္ေဆာင္ရြက္ သြားမည္ဟု ထုတ္ေဖၚေျပာၾကားခဲ့ပါသည္။
၂၀၁၀ ခုႏွစ္အတြင္း က်င္းပမည္ဟု နအဖက ေၾကျငာထားခဲ့ေသာ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲႏွင့္ ပါတ္သက္ေသာ သေဘာ ထားကို သတင္းေထာက္မ်ား၏ ေမးျမန္းခ်က္ကို ေျဖၾကားခဲ့ရာတြင္ ဦးတင္ဦးက NLD ပါတီေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ NLD ပါတီ ၏ အဆံုးအျဖတ္အတိုင္း ဆက္လက္ ေဆာင္ရြက္သြားမည္ဟု ေျပာၾကား သြား ခဲ့ပါသည္။
ဦးတင္ဦးသည္ ၂၀၀၃ ခုႏွစ္ ေမလ၃၀ရက္ေန႔က က စစ္ကိုင္းတိုင္း ဒီပဲယင္းတြင္ ျဖစ္ပြားခဲ့ေသာ လုပ္ႀကံခံရမႈတြင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ႏွင့္ အတူ ပါဝင္ခဲ့ၿပီး ေနာက္ပိုင္းတြင္ ကေလးေထာင္တြင္ ဖမ္းဆီး ခ်ဳပ္ေႏွာင္ျခင္း ခံခဲ့ ရပါသည္။
၂၀၀၄ခုႏွစ္ ေဖေဖၚဝါရီလ ၁၄ ရက္ေန႔တြင္ ဦးတင္ဦးအား စစ္အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္သူမ်ားက ရန္ကုန္သို႔ ေလယာဥ္ျဖင့္ ျပန္ပို႔ ခဲ့ၿပီး ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ကို အႏၱရယ္ျပဳမည့္ သူမ်ားေဘးရန္မွ ကာကြယ္ေစာင့္ေရွာက္ေရး ဥပေဒျဖင့္ ေနအိမ္ အက်ယ္ ခ်ဳပ္က်ခံျခင္း ခံခဲ့ရသည္မွာ လြတ္ေျမာက္လာေသာ ယေန႔ အထိ ျဖစ္ပါသည္။
ဦးတင္ဦးသည္ ကေလးေထာင္တြင္ ၈ႏွစ္ႏွင့္ ၁၆ရက္ ေနခဲ့ရသည္သည့္ အျပင္ အထက္ပါ ဥပေဒအရ ေနအိမ္ အက်ယ္ခ်ဳပ္ ျဖင့္ ၆ႏွစ္နီးပါးခန္႔ ေနထိုင္ခဲ့ရပါသည္။
ဦးတင္ဦးက သတင္းေထာက္မ်ားကို ဆက္လက္ ေျပာဆိုရာတြင္ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ ဒီမိုကေရစီ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲေရး အတြက္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္၏ ဦးေဆာင္မႈ အတိုင္း ဆက္လက္ ေဆာင္ရြက္သြားမည္ဟု ေျပာျပသြားခဲ့ပါ သည္။
ျပည္တြင္း သတင္းေထာက္(ေရႊဝါေရာင္ သတင္းလႊာ)
Sunday, February 7, 2010
မိန္းမသားေပမယ့္ ႏုိင္ငံေရးမွာ အားမငယ္
http://laminkhinkhin.blogspot.com/2010/02/blog-post_04.html
မအိေရႊစင္ညႊန္ ့ဘေလာက္က ကူးယူ တင္ျပပါသည္။
ေလးစားစြာျဖင့္-
ဘုန္းလိႈင္
မိန္းမသားေပမယ့္ ႏုိင္ငံေရးမွာ အားမငယ္
Thursday, February 4, 2010
နန္းခင္ေထြးျမင့္
အန္တီ နန္းခင္ေထြးျမင့္ ရဲ့ပံု နဲ ့သူ ့သေဘာတရားေတြ ေရးထားတာကို ကိုမိုးသီးဘေလာ့မွာ
ဒီေန ့ေတြ ့လိုက္ရေတာ့ က်မတို ့ေခါင္းေဆာင္ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုႀကည္ အာရွေတာ္၀င္ေဆးရံုတက္စဥ္က သူမ
ရန္ကုန္ကိုအေျပးေရာက္လာျပီးအာရွေတာ္၀င္ေဆးရံုရဲ့အ၀င္အထြက္ေလွခါးထစ္ေလးမွာအမ်ိဳးသားဒီမိုကေရ
စီအဖြဲ ့ခ်ဳပ္၀င္ေတြနဲ ့အတူအန္တီ့က်မ္းမာေရးကို လာေရာက္ပူပင္ေစာင့္ႀကည့္ေနခဲံတာေလးက်မသတိရမိတယ္
တကယ္ပါပဲ အန္တီနန္းခင္ေထြးျမင့္ဟာ သူ့ရပ္တည္ခ်က္ကိုခုထိခိုင္ခိုင္မာမာျပတ္ျပတ္သားသားရပ္တည္ေန
သလို အမ်ိဳးသမီးနိုင္ငံေရးသမားမ်ားအားလံုးအတုယူေလာက္တဲ ့သတၱိနဲ ့ေပးဆပ္ေနမွဳေတြသူ့မွာအျပည့္ရွိေန
ဆဲပါ။ က်မအထင္ႀကီးေလးစားတဲ့အမ်ိဳးသမီးေတြထဲမွာေဒၚနန္းခင္ေထြးျမင့္လည္းအ၀င္အပါမို ့အခ်ိန္အခါန့ဲ ့ကိုက္ညီစြာ ခြန္အားေပးတဲ့ သူမရဲ့စာသားေလးေတြ ကို ထပ္ဆင့္ေဖၚျပလိုက္ပါတယ္ ။။
ေမအိခင္(လယ္ေ၀း) ္
က်မတုိ႔ရဲ႕ အမ်ဳိးသား ဒီမုိကေရစီ အဖဲြ႔ခ်ဳပ္ (NLD) မွာ အမ်ဳိးသမီးေတြ အင္နဲ႔အားနဲ႔ ပူးေပါင္းခ့ဲၾကတာ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ ေၾကာင့္ပဲ။ အမ်ဳိးသမီး အဖဲြ႔၀င္ေတြကုိ သူက လမ္းဖြင့္ေပး၊ ျပဳစု ပ်ဳိးေထာင္ ေပးတ့ဲအတြက္ အျမင္က်ယ္လာ ၾကတယ္။ သူ႔ရဲ႕ေခါင္း ေဆာင္မႈ ေနာက္ကုိ ယုံၾကည္မႈအျပည့္နဲ႔ လုိက္ၾကတယ္။
က်မတုိ႔က အမ်ဳိးသား ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ေတြကုိလည္း ေလးစား ၾကပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္း စုၾကည္ကုိေတာ့ ေလးစားမႈအျပင္ အားက်ၾကတာကုိ ေတြ႔ရတယ္။
က်မ ပါ၀င္လႈပ္ရွားေနတ့ဲ NLD က တရား၀င္ ႏုိင္ငံေရး အဖဲြ႔ပဲ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ရုံးေတြ ပိတ္ထားရတယ္။ ဟုိတုန္းက ရုံးေတြ မပိတ္ရ ေသးခင္ကလည္း အာဏာပုိင္ေတြက တခ်ိန္လုံး ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေနတယ္ ဆုိေတာ့ က်မတုိ႔က ေျမေအာက္ လႈပ္ရွားမႈထဲမွာ ပါ၀င္ ေနရသလုိပဲ ပုန္းလွ်ဳိး ကြယ္လွ်ဳိး လုပ္ေနရတယ္။
တခ်ဳိ႕လည္း တက္ၾကြေပမယ့္ ၿငိမ္ေနရတယ္။ ဥပမာ က်မတုိ႔ ကရင္ျပည္နယ္မွာ ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံဘက္ကုိ သြားၿပီး အလုပ္လုပ္တ့ဲသူေတြ အမ်ားႀကီး ရိွတယ္။ ကုိယ့္မိသားစုထဲက တေယာက္ ေယာက္က ထုိင္းႏုိင္ငံမွာ သြားၿပီး အလုပ္ လုပ္ေနတယ္ ဆုိတာ ဒီေဒသမွာ အဆန္းမဟုတ္ေတာ့ဘူး။ ဒါဟာ ဥပေဒနဲ႔ မကင္းဘူး၊ တရားမ၀င္ နယ္စပ္ျဖတ္ေက်ာ္မႈ ျဖစ္တယ္၊ ဖမ္းလုိ႔ရတယ္ ဆုိၿပီး ၿခိမ္းေျခာက္တယ္။ တျခားနည္းနဲ႔ ေျခာက္လွန္႔ ထားတာေတြလည္း ရိွတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ၿငိမ္ေနရတယ္။ တျခား ေဒသေတြမွာဆုိရင္လည္း အေၾကာင္းအမ်ဳိးမ်ဳိးေၾကာင့္ ဥပမာ စား၀တ္ေနေရးေၾကာင့္ ဒီမုိကေရစီေရး လႈပ္ရွားမႈနဲ႔ ကင္းကြာေနသူေတြ ရိွတယ္။
က်မကုိ လာၿပီး စည္းရုံးတာ ရိွပါတယ္။ ႏုိင္ငံေရးလႈပ္ရွားမႈကေန ကင္းကင္းေနဖုိ႔၊ စီးပြားေရးကုိပဲ လုပ္ဖုိ႔ စည္းရုံးတယ္။ က်မက စား၀တ္ေနေရး အခက္အခဲ မရိွေတာ့ ဖိအားေတြကုိ တင္းခံႏုိင္တယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ လူတုိင္းက ကုိယ္နဲ႔ အေျခအေန မတူဘူး။ သားသမီးေတြ မ်ားမယ္၊ စား၀တ္ေနေရး ခက္ခဲမယ္ဆုိရင္ သူတုိ႔က တက္ၾကြေပမယ့္လည္း စိတ္ေလွ်ာ့လုိက္ရတာေတြ ရိွတယ္။
ဘယ္သူကမွ ကုိယ့္သားသမီးကုိ၊ ကုိယ့္မိသားစုကုိ၊ ကုိယ့္မိဘကုိ အငတ္မထားခ်င္ဘူး။ ဒီလုိ မိသားစု စား၀တ္ေနေရးအတြက္ ရုန္းကန္ေနရတာေၾကာင့္ လႈပ္ရွားမႈနဲ႔ ကင္းကြာသြားၾကတယ္။ နင္တုိ႔က မလုပ္ႏုိင္ဘူးလားဆုိၿပီး ဒီလုိ သြားေျပာလုိ႔လည္း မသင့္ေတာ္ဘူး။ ဒီမုိကေရစီေရး လႈပ္ရွားမႈက ၂၁ ႏွစ္ေက်ာ္လာၿပီ ဆုိေတာ့ စား၀တ္ေနေရး ပူပင္စရာမလုိတ့ဲသူ၊ တင္းခံႏုိင္တ့ဲသူ ေတြပဲ ဆက္ၿပီး လႈပ္ရွားေနတာ ေတြ႔ရတယ္။
၂၁ ႏွစ္အတြင္း လႈပ္ရွားမႈမွာ ေငြေၾကး၊ အခြင့္အေရး စသျဖင့္ ဘာအက်ဳိးအျမတ္မွ မရိွဘဲ လုပ္ခ့ဲၾက လုပ္ေနၾကတ့ဲသူေတြ အင္မတန္ ေလးစားဖုိ႔ ေကာင္းပါတယ္။ ဒီလုိ လႈပ္ရွားတ့ဲေနရာမွာ ေဆးကုသခြင့္ လုိင္စင္၊ ေရွ႕ေနလုိက္ခြင့္ လုိင္စင္ အသိမ္းခံရတ့ဲ သူေတြ ရိွတယ္။ လုပ္ငန္းေတြ သိမ္းတယ္။ ဥပမာဆုိရင္ မႏၱေလးတုိင္းက ေဒၚ၀င္းျမျမ ဆုိရင္ လုပ္ငန္းေတြ အမ်ားႀကီး အသိမ္းခံရ တယ္။ သိမ္းရုံတင္ မဟုတ္ဘူး၊ ေထာင္ထဲပါ ထည့္ပစ္တယ္။ ေထာင္ထဲေရာက္ေနတ့ဲသူေတြကုိလည္း က်မတုိ႔ ေမ့ထားလုိ႔ မရဘူး။ သူတုိ႔လည္း ဒီ၂၁ ႏွစ္တာ လႈပ္ရွားမႈအတြင္းမွာ နည္းမ်ဳိးစုံနဲ႔ အဆက္မျပတ္ ဟန္႔တားတာကုိ ရင္ဆုိင္ၿပီး အနစ္နာခံ လုပ္ေနသူ ေတြပါပဲ။
၂၁ ႏွစ္ေက်ာ္ေတာင္ လုပ္ခ့ဲၿပီးၿပီ မေအာင္ျမင္ေသးဘူး။ ဒါကုိေတာင္ စိတ္ဓာတ္မက်ေသးဘူးလား၊ ဆက္လုပ္ဦးမွာလား ဆုိၿပီး ေမးလာရင္ေတာ့ မက်ဘူးလုိ႔ ေျဖရမယ္။ က်မတုိ႔ ၂၁ ႏွစ္ ရုန္းကန္ခ့ဲရတာ အလဟႆ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ၂၁ ႏွစ္ ကုန္ခ့ဲတာဟာ ဒီမုိကေရစီရဖုိ႔ ၂၁ ႏွစ္ နီးလာတာေပါ့။
ေသခ်ာ စဥ္းစားၾကည့္ရင္ ဒီမုိကေရစီေရး လႈပ္ရွားမႈမွာ ပါမွ မဟုတ္ပါဘူး၊ ကင္းကြာေနရင္လည္း က်မတုိ႔ဟာ လုံၿခဳံစိတ္ခ်ၿပီလုိ႔ ဘယ္သူမွ အာမ မခံႏုိင္ပါဘူး၊ ၿမိဳ႕ထဲမွာ၊ ရပ္ကြက္ထဲမွာ၊ ရုပ္ရွင္ရုံေတြမွာ ဖမ္းတယ္ ဆုိတာေတြသတင္းေတြမွာ ၾကားမွာေပါ့ ။ အဖမ္းခံရသူေတြဟာ ဘာျပစ္မႈမွက်ဴးလြန္တ့ဲသူေတြမဟုတ္ဘူး။ လူေကာင္းေတြ။ ကရင္ျပည္နယ္မွာ ေပၚတာဆဲြတာကအရင္တုန္း ကေတာ့ အမ်ဳိးသားေတြကုိပဲ ဆဲြတယ္။ အမ်ဳိးသားေတြကုိမေတြ႔ရင္ အမ်ဳိးသမီးေတြကုိလည္း ဆဲြတယ္။ အခုေနာက္ပုိင္း အမ်ဳိးသမီး ေတြကုိ ေပၚတာဆဲြတာကုိ အာဏာပုိင္ေတြ ပုိၿပီးစိတ္၀င္စားလာပုံရတယ္။ အၿမဲေတြ႔ေနရတာကေတာ့ လုပ္အားေပးခုိင္းတာပဲ။
ဒီ ၂၁ ႏွစ္အတြင္း အားရစရာ၊ အေကာင္းျမင္စရာ ဘာရိွသလဲ ဆုိရင္ တခုပဲ ရိွတယ္၊ အဲဒါကေတာ့ လူေတြဟာ ဒီဒုကၡေတြကုိ ခါးစည္းခံႏုိင္တယ္ ဆုိတာပဲ။ ဘယ္ေလာက္ပဲ ေသေသ၊ ဘယ္ေလာက္ပဲ ေပၚတာေတြ ေခၚေခၚ၊ လုပ္အားေပး ဘယ္ေတာ့ပဲ ေခၚေခၚ သြားရတာပဲ။ အလုပ္ပ်က္ အကုိင္ပ်က္ သြားရတာပဲ။ အာဏာပုိင္ေတြ ရာဘာစုိက္တယ္၊ စပါးစုိက္တယ္ ဆုိရင္လည္း ရြာကလူေတြ သြားစုိက္ေပးရတယ္၊ သူတုိ႔စီမံကိန္းေတြမွာ အစစ အရာရာ သြားလုပ္ေပးရတယ္။ ရြာကလူေတြဟာ ၿမိဳ႕ကလူေတြထက္ ပုိၿပီး အႏုိင္က်င့္ခံရတယ္။ သိပ္သနားစရာေကာင္းတယ္။
ျမန္မာျပည္မွာ အက်ဥ္းေထာင္ထဲက ျဖစ္ရပ္ေတြကေန တုိင္းရင္းသား အေရးအထိ အနာဂတ္ကာလမွာ အခ်ိန္အမ်ားႀကီး ယူၿပီး ေျဖရွင္းရမွာပါ။ တခ်ိန္ခ်ိန္ အေျခအေန ေပးလာတ့ဲအခါ အေရးတႀကီး ျပဳျပင္ရမယ့္အထဲမွာ ပညာေရးက႑ဟာ ထိပ္ဆုံးမွာ ရိွပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ေလာေလာဆယ္ေတာ့ ျပဳျပင္ဖုိ႔ ေနေနသာသာ ဒီမုိကေရစီက ဘယ္နားေနမွန္း မသိေသးဘူး။
၁၉၉၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြမွာ အေရြးေကာက္ခံရတ့ဲ လူထုကုိယ္စားလွယ္ ၄၀၀ ေက်ာ္မွာ အမ်ဳိးသမီးအေရအတြက္က ၁၅ ေယာက္ပဲ ပါတယ္ ဆုိေပမယ့္ နည္းတယ္ဆုိၿပီး ေျပာလုိ႔မရဘူး။ အဲဒီကာလတုန္းက ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြ ဆုိတ့ဲ စကားလုံးကုိ သိတာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ က်မက အဲဒီတုန္းက အသက္ ၃၀ ေက်ာ္ပဲ ရိွေသးတယ္ ဆုိေပမယ့္ မိသားစုကလည္း ႏုိင္ငံေရး အသုိင္းအဝုိင္းက ျဖစ္တ့ဲအတြက္ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြ ဆုိတ့ဲ စကားလုံးကုိ ၾကားဖူးနားဝ ရိွတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြ ဆုိတာကုိ လူတုိင္းက သိတာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ဘာေၾကာင့္လဲ ဆုိေတာ့ အႏွစ္ ၃၀ နီးပါး တပါတီ စနစ္နဲ႔ ႀကီးျပင္းလာရတာေလ။
ဒီႏွစ္ထဲမွာ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြလုပ္မယ္၊ ဒီမုိကေရစီအလင္းေရာင္ ေတြ႔ေနရၿပီလုိ႔ ေျပာတာေတြေတာ့ ၾကားရမွာေပါ့။ ၿပီးေတာ့ ၂၀၁၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြဟာ ျမန္မာႏုိင္ငံ အတြက္ေရာ၊ ႏုိင္ငံသားေတြအတြက္ပါ ေကာင္းက်ဳိး ေပးမယ္လုိ႔ မစားရ ၀ခမန္း ေျပာတာေတြ ၾကားရမွာေပါ့။ အေျခခံ ဥပေဒလည္း ေပၚလာၿပီလုိ႔ ေျပာၾကတယ္။ တကယ္ေတာ့ ေရွ႕မွာ ဘာမွ မရိွဘူး။ အေမွာင္ႀကီးပဲ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ဘယ္ေလာက္ပဲ ေမွာင္ေနပါေစ က်မတုိ႔က ယုံၾကည္ခ်က္ ျပင္းထန္လုိ႔ လုပ္ေနၾကတာပဲ။
က်မတေယာက္တည္းရဲ႕ သေဘာ ေျပာရရင္ လာမယ့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြမွာ NLD ကုိ မဝင္ေစခ်င္ဘူး။ အာဏာပုိင္ေတြ ေရးဆဲြထားတ့ဲ အေျခခံ ဥပေဒက တဖက္သတ္ ဆန္လြန္းတယ္။ ဒီအေျခခံဥပေဒကုိ ျပန္သုံးသပ္၊ ျပင္ဆင္ၿပီးမွပဲ၂၀၁၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြ၀င္ေရး မ၀င္ေရးကုိ စဥ္းစားသင့္ပါတယ္။
၂၀၁၀ မွာေတာ့ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြကုိ စိတ္၀င္စားတ့ဲ အမ်ဳိးသမီးအေရအတြက္ ပုိမ်ားလိမ့္မယ္၊ အမ်ဳိးသမီးေတြရဲ႕ ႏုိင္ငံေရးအသိ ပုိၿပီး ႏုိးၾကားလာမယ္၊ တက္ၾကြလာမယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အမ်ဳိးသမီးေတြအတြက္ အခြင့္အေရးကေတာ့ ၁၉၉၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြထက္ ပုိၿပီး နည္းလိမ့္မယ္။
ဘာျဖစ္လုိ႔လဲ ဆုိေတာ့ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္မွာအာဏာပုိင္တုိ႔ ျပဌာန္းလုိက္တ့ဲ ဖဲြ႔စည္းအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္ပုံ အေျခခံ ဥပေဒအရဆုိရင္ တပ္မေတာ္သား ကုိယ္စားလွယ္ေတြက ၀င္မၿပိဳင္ဘဲနဲ႔ လႊတ္ေတာ္မွာ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္၂၅ ရာခုိင္ႏႈန္း အလုိအေလ်ာက္ ရရိွပါလိမ့္မယ္။ ဒီလုိရသြား ေအာင္ စီစဥ္ထား၊ ျပဌာန္းထားတာပါ။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ က်န္တ့ဲ ကုိယ္စားလွယ္ ၇၅ ရာခုိင္ႏႈန္းအတြက္ပဲ အမ်ဳိးသမီးေတြ က ပါ၀င္ အေရြးခ်ယ္ခံႏုိင္တယ္ ဆုိေတာ့ အခြင့္အလမ္း အမ်ားႀကီး နည္းသြားၿပီ။
အမ်ဳိးသမီးေတြအတြက္ ထိခုိက္ နစ္နာေစတ့ဲ အခ်က္တခုကလည္း ဒီ အေျခခံ ဥပေဒမွာ သတ္မွတ္ထားေသးတယ္။ အဲဒါက ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတ ဆုိတ့ဲ အခန္းမွာပါ။ ႏုိင္ငံေတာ္ သမၼတဟာ အမ်ဳိးသမီးမျဖစ္ရဘူးလုိ႔ မျပဌာန္းထားပါဘူး။ အဲဒီလုိ မျပဌာန္း ထားေပမယ့္ သမၼတဟာ စစ္ေရးအေတြ႔အႀကဳံရိွရမယ္လုိ႔ ဆုိထားတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ ရွင္းေနတာပဲ၊ အေျခခံဥပေဒအရ အမ်ဳိးသမီးေတြ ဟာ သမၼတ မျဖစ္ႏုိင္ေတာ့ဘူး။
၁၉၉၀ အေျခအေနနဲ႔ ၂၀၁၀ အေျခအေနနဲ႔က ဘာမွ မဆုိင္ဘူး။ ၁၉၉၀ ျပည့္ႏွစ္ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြက လြတ္လပ္တယ္၊ တရားမွ်တ တယ္လုိ႔ ဆုိႏုိင္တယ္။ လူထုကလည္း လုိလုိလားလား မဲေပးၾကတယ္။ ၿခိမ္းေျခာက္ၿပီး မဲထည့္ခုိင္းတာမ်ဳိး မရိွခ့ဲဘူး။
အခုက အေျခအေနက ဘာမွ လြတ္လပ္မႈ မရိွဘူး။ ၂၀၁၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြဟာ လြတ္လပ္မယ္လုိ႔လည္း ဘယ္သူကမွ အာမ မခံဘူး။ ၀င္ၿပိဳင္မယ့္သူကလည္း ယုံၾကည္မႈ အျပည့္အ၀ ရိွမွာ မဟုတ္ဘူး။
က်မတုိ႔ရဲ႕ အဆုံးအစြန္ေသာ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ကလည္း ဒီမုိကေရစီ ရရိွဖုိ႔ပဲ။ က်မတုိ႔ရဲ႕ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္က ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြ တခု ေပၚေပါက္ေရး မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြဆုိတာ ဒီလမ္းမွာ ရိွတ့ဲ ေလွခါးထစ္တခုပဲ ဆုိတာ မွန္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္ ေလာေလာ ဆယ္ စီစဥ္ေနတယ္ ဆုိတ့ဲ ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပဲြက ဒီမုိကေရစီစနစ္ဆီ သြားဖုိ႔ အေထာက္အကူျပဳသလား၊ မျပဳသလား ဆုိတာကေတာ့ အမ်ားႀကီး ေမးစရာ ရိွတယ္။
နန္းခင္ေထြးျမင့္သည္ အမ်ဳိးသား ဒီမုိကေရစီ အဖဲြ႔ခ်ဳပ္ အဖဲြ႔၀င္တဦး ျဖစ္သည္။ ၁၉၉၀ ျပည့္ႏွစ္ ေရြးေကာက္ပဲြတြင္ ဘားအံၿမိဳ႕နယ္ မဲဆႏၵနယ္ အမွတ္ ၃ မွ ေရြးေကာက္ခံရသည့္ ျပည္သူ႔လႊတ္ေတာ္ကုိယ္စားလွယ္ျဖစ္သည္။
http://laminkhinkhin.blogspot.com/2010/02/blog-post_04.html
Tuesday, January 26, 2010
Myanmar says Suu Kyi to be freed in November
Myanmar says Suu Kyi to be freed in
November: witnesses
By Aung Hla Tun
2 hrs 47 mins ago
YANGON (Reuters) – Myanmar pro-democracy leader Aung San Suu Kyi will be freed when her house arrest
ends in November, according to a government minister quoted by witnesses on Monday, but critics said that
may be too late for this year's elections.
Home Minister Major General Maung Oo told a January 21 meeting of local officials the 64-year-old Nobel
Peace Prize winner would be released in November, a month after many observers expect the country to hold
its first parliamentary elections in two decades.
The information could not be verified independently but three people who attended the meeting said the
comment was made to an audience of several hundred people in Kyaukpadaung, a town about 565 km (350
miles) north of the former capital, Yangon.
The three witnesses requested anonymity.
Suu Kyi, detained for 14 of the past 20 years, was sentenced to a further 18 months of detention last August
for harboring an American who swam uninvited to her lakeside home, raising questions over whether the
election will be a sham.
That incident took place in May 2009, just before an earlier period of house arrest was due to end. Taking
into account the three months she spent in a prison guesthouse after the incident, her 18-month sentence
would end in November.
The planned election would be the first since 1990, when Suu Kyi's National League for Democracy (NLD)
party scored a landslide victory that the country's junta refused to recognize.
Maung Oo also said detained NLD vice-chairman Tin Oo would be released on February 13, and that the
government would pursue an international-style market economy after holding "free and fair" elections,
including loosening restrictions on car imports.
Tin Oo, 82, a former defense minister and retired general, has been in prison or under house arrest for more
than a decade.
ELECTION TIMING NOT YET SET
Senior NLD official Khin Maung Swe said it was crucial Suu Kyi and Tin Oo were released before the
election.
2010/01/25 Print Story: Myanmar says Suu Kyi to be f…
…yahoo.com/…/print;_ylt=AirTGf6gqKlPx… 1/2
"The most important thing is they must be freed in good time so that they can work for national reconciliation,"
he said.
The military junta has not set a date for the election but has promised U.S. President Barack Obama and
Southeast Asian leaders the vote would be free, fair and inclusive.
In recent months Suu Kyi has been allowed to meet the junta's liaison officer and foreign diplomats.
The NLD has not yet said whether it would take part in the elections, portrayed by the generals as a move to a
multi-party democracy but derided by opponents as a sham designed to let the army retain real power.
The United States and others are reviewing policy toward the former Burma after years of sanctions and
trade embargoes failed to get the junta to improve its human rights record or relax its grip on power.
Obama has offered Myanmar the prospect of better ties with Washington if it pursued democratic reform and
freed political prisoners, including Suu Kyi.
(Writing by Jason Szep; Editing by Alan Raybould and Paul Tait)
Copyright © 2010 Yahoo! Inc. All rights reserved. Questions or Comments Privacy Policy About Our Ads Terms of
Service Copyright/IP Policy
2010/01/25 Print Story: Myanmar says Suu Kyi to be f…
…
Sunday, January 17, 2010
Fw: [BurmaInfo] 今週のビルマのニュース（1001号） NLDが中央執行委員会を拡大 米NGO「ビルマの自由度は最悪中の最悪」 草の根ODA5件 ほか
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
ビルマ市民フォーラム メールマガジン 2010/1/15
People's Forum on Burma
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo）からのメールを転送させていただき
ます。
（重複の際は何卒ご容赦ください。）
ＰＦＢ事務局 宮澤
http://www1.jca.apc.org/pfb/
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
ビルマ情報ネットワークの「今週のビルマのニュース」をお送りします。
「今週のビルマのニュース」バックナンバー
http://www.burmainfo.org/news/this_week.php?mode=3
「きょうのビルマのニュース」もご利用ください。
http://www.burmainfo.org/news/today.php?mode=2
ビルマ情報ネットワーク （http://www.burmainfo.org）
秋元由紀
========================================
今週のビルマのニュース Eメール版
2010年1月15日【1002号】
========================================
【国民民主連盟（NLD）、中央執行委員会を拡大】
・アウンサンスーチー氏の政党、国民民主連盟（NLD）が11日、
中央執行委員会に新たに9人を加え、同委委員は合計20人に
なった。9人の正式発表はまだだが、全員が1990年の選挙での
当選者で60～70代とのこと。スーチー氏が先月、委員の多くが
高齢であることなどを理由に同委の改革を提案していた
（13日イラワディほか）。
NLDは現在のところ、総選挙には参加しないとの立場を取っている。
【ビルマの民主党、総選挙参加を見直す可能性】
・ビルマの民主党が、総選挙への参加を見直す可能性があることが
わかった。トゥウェイ議長は、（現在未公表の）選挙関連法が公表
される時期によっては、選挙に向けた十分な準備ができないため、
選挙への参加を見直す、と述べた（12日イラワディ）。
民主党は軍政とも民主化勢力とも提携していない「第三勢力」に
属しており、軍政が今年計画している総選挙に参加するため、
昨年9月に設立された。ウヌー初代首相の娘も幹部の一人。
・イラワディ誌によれば、アラカン民主連盟のターバン議長代行や、
ゾミ民族評議会のプーチンシャンタン氏など、1990年の総選挙で
当選した民族指導者らが、全政治囚の解放や2008年憲法の見直し
がなければ総選挙に参加しないことを改めて表明した（14日イラワディ）。
【ビルマの自由度は「最悪中の最悪」 米NGO】
・米国の市民団体フリーダム・ハウスが12日、世界194カ国・14地域で
の政治的自由度などを評価した「世界の自由度2010」を発表し、
世界全体では四年連続で自由度が下がったとした。またビルマは
北朝鮮やチベットなどと共に「最悪中の最悪」と認定された
（12日フリーダム・ハウス）。
【日米外相、ビルマ問題について「緊密に連携する」】
・岡田外相は12日、クリントン米国務長官との会談で、ビルマ軍政が
予定している総選挙が「透明で開かれた、国際社会にも受け入れ
可能なものとしていくことが必要」と述べた上で、米国のビルマ民主化
問題への取り組みを評価した。これに対しクリントン長官は「本件に
ついて日本は特に重要なプレーヤーだ」と述べ、両大臣は日米で
緊密に連携していくことで一致した（13日外務省発表会談概要）。
【ビルマへの政府開発援助（ODA）約束状況など】
2009年12月に草の根無償資金協力5件（詳細以下）
・イラワジ管区 学校21校の再建、約98万米ドル（11日）
・ザガイン管区 病院の設備拡充、約9万7,000米ドル（18日）
・カレン州 全天候型道路建設、約7万8,000米ドル（18日）
・ヤンゴン管区 食品分析所の設備提供、約9万7,000米ドル（22日）
・シャン州 学校3校建設、約9万7,000米ドル（23日）
【イベント情報】
・在日ビルマ人共同行動実行委員会
国連事務総長に対しスーチーさんを含むすべての政治囚の
釈放と対話の促進を軍政に働きかけるよう要請するアピール行動
（国連大学前、12～15日15～16時）
・公開セミナー「検証：ODAを問う～メコン開発から見た環境と人権への影響」
主催：メコン・ウォッチほか。
内容は「ビルマ（ミャンマー）～日本の援助が軍政ではなく国民を支えるためには」
等
（人権教育啓発推進センター、23日13時半～）要申込
・第59回ビルマ市民フォーラム例会
詳細後日
（池袋・ECOとしま8階、2月6日18時～）
【新刊など】
・宇田有三『閉ざされた国ビルマ』
カレン民族闘争と民主化闘争の現場をあるく
（高文研）発売中
・カタログハウス「通販生活」2010年春号、
ジェーン・バーキンさんといとうせいこうさんがビルマ民主化について対談。
根本敬・上智大学教授による解説記事も。書店発売は15日から。
【もっと詳しい情報は】
☆Twitter公式アカウントはこちらです
http://twitter.com/BurmaInfoJapan
「きょうのビルマのニュース」
http://www.burmainfo.org/news/today.php?mode=2
ビルマ情報ネットワーク
http://www.burmainfo.org/
【お問い合わせ】
ビルマ情報ネットワーク 秋元由紀
====================================
今週のビルマのニュース Eメール版
2010年1月15日【1002号】
作成： ビルマ情報ネットワーク
協力： ビルマ市民フォーラム
====================================
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
配布元 ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo） http://www.burmainfo.org
連絡先 listmaster@burmainfo.org
バックナンバー http://groups.yahoo.co.jp/group/burmainfo/
Twitter http://twitter.com/BurmaInfoJapan
RSSフィード
・新着情報 http://www.burmainfo.org/news_rss.php
・日刊ニュース http://www.burmainfo.org/news/today.php
・週刊ニュース http://www.burmainfo.org/news/this_week.php
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
▽転載について
・ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo）のメールマガジンの転載・再配布は、必ず出典を明記したうえで行ってください。
・不特定多数に配付する印刷物や、新聞、雑誌、機関紙（誌）などに掲載の際は、必ずご連絡ください。
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
▽メーリングリストの参加・退会・アドレス変更については以下をご覧ください。
http://www.burmainfo.org/about/mailmagazine.php
※手動での変更手続は行っておりませんが、どうしても解決できない問題が
あるときや、疑問点がある場合は管理者宛にご連絡ください。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Friday, January 15, 2010
ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္သစ္ (၉) ဦး၏အမည္ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ ေၾကညာ
ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္သစ္ (၉) ဦး၏အမည္ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ ေၾကညာ
NEJ/ ၁၄ ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၂၀၁၀
အမ်ဳိးသားဒီမိုကေရစီအဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ (အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ) က ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔ကို အဖြဲ႔၀င္သစ္ (၉) ဦးတို႔ျဖင့္ တိုးခ်ဲ႕ တာ၀န္ေပးအပ္လိုက္သည္။
ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္မ်ားအျဖစ္ တာ၀န္ေပးျခင္းခံရသူမ်ားမွာ (၁) ေဒါက္တာ သန္းၿငိမ္း၊ (၂) ဦးအုန္းႀကိဳင္၊ (၃) ဦး၀င္းျမင့္၊ (၄) ဦးထြန္းထြန္းဟိန္၊ (၅) ေဒါက္တာ၀င္းႏိုင္၊ (၆) ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္း၊ (၇) ဦးဟံသာျမင့္၊ (၈) ဦးသိန္းၫြန္႔၊ (၉) ေဒါက္တာေမ၀င္းျမင့္တို႔ ျဖစ္ၾကၿပီး ဇန္န၀ါရီ (၁၄) ရက္ ယေန႔ရက္စြဲျဖင့္ ေၾကညာခ်က္ထုတ္ျပန္လိုက္ျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။
ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္တဦးအျဖစ္ တာ၀န္ေပးအပ္ျခင္းခံရသည့္ ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက “အခုလို တိုးခ်ဲ႕တာကေတာ့ အင္အားျဖည့္တင္း တာပါပဲ။ နဂိုရိွၿပီးသားအဖြဲ႔ကို အင္အားျဖည့္ႏိုင္ဖို႔၊ အဓိကကေတာ့ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္လည္းမရိွဘူး၊ ဦးတင္ဦးမရွိဘူး၊ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ ဦးလြင္ ႐ုံးမတက္ႏိုင္ဘူး။ ဒီလုိအေျခအေနမွာ အင္အားျဖည့္တာကို လိုတယ္လို႔ယူဆလို႔ ျဖည့္တာပါ” ဟု ေျပာသည္။
ပါတီလုပ္ငန္းစဥ္မ်ား တိုးခ်ဲ႕သြားရန္ရိွၿပီး ေနာက္ျပဳလုပ္မည့္ အစည္းအေ၀းမ်ားတြင္ ဆက္လက္ေဆြးေႏြးသြားရန္ ရိွသည္ဟုလည္း ဦးဉာဏ္၀င္းက ေျပာသည္။
ယခုကဲ့သို႔ ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားကို တိုးခ်ဲ႕လုိက္ျခင္းအားျဖင့္ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီအတြင္း အားသစ္မ်ား၊ တာ၀န္သစ္မ်ား လုပ္ငန္းသစ္မ်ား ထြက္ေပၚလာႏုိင္မည္ဟု အလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္တဦးျဖစ္သည့္ ဦး၀င္းတင္က ေျပာသည္။
အန္အယ္လ္ဒီဥကၠ႒၊ ဒု-ဥကၠ႒ အပါအ၀င္ ယခင္ ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္ (၁၁) ဦးရွိရာမွ ယခု (၉) ဦး ထပ္မံတိုးခ်ဲ႕လိုက္ သျဖင့္ စုစုေပါင္း ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္ (၂၀) ဦး ရိွၿပီျဖစ္သည္။
ယခင္ ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားမွာ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ (ဥကၠ႒)၊ ဦးတင္ဦး (ဒု- ဥကၠ႒)၊ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္ (အေထြေထြ အတြင္းေရးမႉး)၊ ဦးလြင္ (အတြင္းေရးမႉး)ႏွင့္ အဖြဲ႔၀င္မ်ားမွာ ဦး၀င္းတင္၊ ဦးသန္းထြန္း၊ ဦးစိုးျမင့္၊ ဦးလွေဖ၊ ဦးလြန္းတင္၊ ဦးၫြန္႔ေ၀၊ ဦးခင္ေမာင္ေဆြတုိ႔ျဖစ္သည္။
အန္အယ္လ္ဒီပါတီမွ သက္ႀကီးပုိင္း ေခါင္းေဆာင္မ်ားျဖစ္ၾကသည့္ ဥကၠ႒ ဦးေအာင္ေရႊ၊ အတြင္းေရးမႉး ဦးလြင္၊ ဗဟုိအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖဲြ႔၀င္ ဦးလြန္းတင္တို႔အား စိမ္းလဲ့ကန္သာဧည့္ရိပ္သာ၌ ၿပီးခဲ့သည့္ဒီဇင္ဘာ (၁၆) ရက္တြင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ေတြ႔ဆုံဂါရ၀ျပဳခြင့္ ရရိွခဲ့ၿပီးသည့္ေနာက္ ယခုကဲ့သို႔ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပိုင္း ျပန္လည္ဖြဲ႔စည္းေရး ထြက္ေပၚလာျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။
ပါတီတခုလုံးကို ေထာင္က်တဲ့ အေနအထားမ်ဳိး ေရာက္လာမယ္ဆိုရင္
http://shwenanda. blogspot. com/
ပါတီတခုလုံးကို ေထာင္က်တဲ့ အေနအထားမ်ဳိး ေရာက္လာမယ္ဆိုရင္
က်ေနာ္တို႔ရဲ႕တုံ႔ျပန္မႈေတြဟာ ပိုၿပီးေတာ့ ျပင္းထန္တင္းမာလာမယ္
NEJ / ၁၄ ဇန္န၀ါရီ၂၀၁၀
နအဖစစ္အစိုးရ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊက ယခုႏွစ္တြင္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ ျပဳလုပ္မည္ဟု လြတ္လပ္ေရးေန႔ သ၀ဏ္လႊာတြင္ အတည္ျပဳေျပာၾကားခဲ့သည္။ ထို႔ေၾကာင့္ ၁၉၉၀ ျပည့္ႏွစ္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ အႏိုင္ရ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီပါတီအေနျဖင့္ ယခုႏွစ္ က်င္းပမည့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္၍ မည္ကဲ့သုိ႔ စဥ္းစားဆုံးျဖတ္မည္ဆိုသည္ကို အမ်ဳိးသား ဒီမုိကေရစီအဖြဲ႔ခ်ဳပ္ (အန္အယ္လ္ဒီ) ဗဟိုအလုပ္အမႈေဆာင္အဖြဲ႔၀င္တဦး ျဖစ္သူ ဦး၀င္းတင္ႏွင့္ ေခတ္ၿပိဳင္ ဆက္သြယ္ေမးျမန္းခ်က္။
ေမး။ ။ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီအေနနဲ႔ ေရႊဂုံတိုင္ေၾကညာစာတမ္းပါ အဓိကေတာင္းဆိုခ်က္ေတြ မရရင္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲနဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ဘယ္လိုစဥ္းစားမယ္ဆိုတာ သိပါရေစ။
ေျဖ။ ။ ဒါကေတာ့ ျဖစ္မလာခင္အေျခအေနေပၚမွာ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ဘယ္လုိ လုပ္မယ္ကိုင္မယ္ဆိုတာ ေျပာရဆိုရ နည္းနည္းေတာ့ ခက္ပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔က အဖြဲ႔အစည္းျဖစ္ေတာ့ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းထဲမွာရိွတဲ့ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပိုင္းပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ား ညိႇ႐ုံနဲ႔တင္မကဘူး ေအာက္ေျခပိုင္း အေနအထားေတြပါ ရိွလာတယ္။ ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ ဒါက အသစ္ျဖစ္မယ့္သေဘာကိုး။ သာမန္အားျဖင့္ဆိုရင္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ရပ္တည္ေနတဲ့ အေနအထားက တရား၀င္ႏိုင္ငံေရးအဖြဲ႔အစည္းတရပ္အေနနဲ႔၊ တရား၀င္ ေတာင္းဆိုခ်က္ေတြနဲ႔ ရပ္တည္ေနတာကိုး။ အဲဒါေတြ မျဖစ္ေတာ့ဘူးဆိုရင္ အေျခအေနသစ္တခု ျဖစ္သြားမယ္၊ အဲဒီအေျခအေနသစ္ကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေက်ာ္ျဖတ္ရမယ့္ အေနအထားသစ္ေတြကလည္း ေပၚလာေတာ့မယ္ေပါ့။ အခုဟာက အေျခအေနသစ္ကလည္း မေပၚေသးတဲ့ အခါက်ေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ေက်ာ္ျဖတ္ရမယ့္ ပုံသဏၭာန္ဆိုတာ သာမန္အားျဖင့္ေတာ့ ေျပာရခက္ပါတယ္။ ဒါမ်ဳိးဆိုတာ ညိႇႏိႈင္းၿပီးမွ ေပၚထြက္လာမယ့္ ကိစၥျဖစ္တာကိုး။
ေမး။ ။ ဆရာေျပာတဲ့ ေပၚေပါက္လာမယ့္အေျခအေနသစ္ဆိုတာ ဘာကိုဆိုလိုတာပါလဲ။
ေျဖ။ ။ ေပၚေပါက္လာမယ့္အေျခအေနကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ မွန္းၾကည့္တဲ့အခါၾကေတာ့ သာမန္အားျဖင့္ အခု ကမာၻကလည္း ေျပာေနတယ္၊ အေမရိကန္အစိုးရတို႔၊ ဂ်ပန္အစိုးရတို႔၊ ကုလသမဂၢတို႔၊ အီးယူတို႔ဆိုတာေတြက ေျပာေနတဲ့အေနအထားက ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဟာ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီတို႔ တုိင္းရင္းသားအဖြဲ႔အစည္းတို႔ဆိုတဲ့ ဗမာျပည္ႏိုင္ငံေရးမွာ အထင္ကရျဖစ္တဲ့ သုိ႔မဟုတ္လည္း အင္အားႀကီးမားတဲ့ ပါတီအဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြ မပါဘဲနဲ႔ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကို က်င္းပေပးမယ္ဆိုရင္ အားလုံးပါ၀င္ပတ္သက္မႈအေျခအေန (all inclusive) ဟာ ဘယ္လိုမွ ျဖစ္ထြန္းလာမယ့္ အေနအထားမရိွဘူး။ ဘယ္လိုမွလည္း ေပၚေပါက္လာႏိုင္မယ့္ အေနအထားမရိွဘူးဆိုရင္ ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဟာ က်ေနာ္တို႔ရဲ႕ဆႏၵသေဘာထား၊ တကမာၻလုံးရဲ႕ ဆႏၵသေဘာထား၊ ဒါတင္မက စစ္အစိုးရကိုယ္တုိင္က လက္ခံပါတယ္ဆိုတဲ့ သေဘာထားနဲ႔လည္း အကုန္လုံးဆန္႔က်င္ သြားေတာ့မယ္။ ပ်က္ျပားသြားေတာ့မယ္။ ေနာက္တခုက ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ က်င္းပတဲ့အခါမွာလည္း အခုလုပ္ေနတဲ့ပုံသဏၭာန္အရ ပါတီမွတ္ပုံတင္ဥပေဒတို႔၊ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဥပေဒတို႔ဆိုတာ ဘာမွကို ထြက္လာျခင္းမရိွတာ အပါအ၀င္ ေနာက္ပိုင္း ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲက်င္းပတဲ့အခါမွာလည္း ျပည္သူမ်ား ပါ၀င္ပတ္သက္မႈ၊ မဲေပးမႈ၊ မဲလိမ္မဲခိုးမႈေတြ စတဲ့ကိစၥေတြ ေပၚလာလို႔ရိွရင္ ကမာၻက ေတာင္းဆိုေနတဲ့ ျမင္သာထင္သာရိွျခင္း၊ အမ်ားယုံၾကည္ စိတ္ခ်ရျခင္း ဆိုတဲ့ အေနအထားမ်ဳိးကလည္း ဘယ္လိုမွ ေပၚလာမွာမဟုတ္ဘူး။ အဲဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီအေနအထားႏွစ္ခု မရိွဘူးဆိုရင္ ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကို ကမာၻကလည္း ဆန္႔က်င္႐ႈတ္ခ် ျပစ္တင္လာမယ္၊ ကမာၻက အသိအမွတ္မျပဳျခင္းအပါအ၀င္ အမ်ားႀကီးတုံ႔ျပန္မႈေတြ ေပၚလာမယ္။
အဲလိုအေျခအေနမ်ဳိးမွာ အားလုံးပါ၀င္မႈကို ပစ္ပယ္ထားတဲ့အတြက္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ကလည္း ေဘးေရာက္ေနမယ္။ ေနာက္တခါ ယုံၾကည္စိတ္ခ်ရမႈ အေနအထားကလည္း လုံး၀မရိွဘူးဆိုတဲ့အခါက်ေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔အေနနဲ႔ကလည္း ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲမွာ အနည္းဆုံး ကိုယ္တုိင္မပါ၀င္ေတာင္မွ ဒီမိုကေရစီအင္အားစုေတြကို ပါ၀င္ႏိုင္ေအာင္၊ ပါ၀င္ေနတဲ့ ဒီမိုကေရစီအင္အားစုလို႔ ယူဆရတဲ့ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းေတြကိုေတာင္မွ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ၀ိုင္း၀န္းပံ့ပိုးႏိုင္တဲ့အေနအထားမ်ဳိး မရိွဘူးဆိုရင္ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီရဲ႕ အေနအထားက လုံး၀ကို ပါတီတခုလုံး ေထာင္သြင္းအက်ဥ္းခံရတဲ့ အေနအထားမ်ဳိးကို ေရာက္သြားမယ့္ အေျခအေနမ်ဳိးကို ဆိုက္ေရာက္သြားမယ္လုိ႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေျပာလို႔ရတယ္ေပါ့ဗ်ာ။
အဲလိုအခါမ်ဳိးဆိုရင္ေတာ့ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီဟာ တနည္းတဖုံအားျဖင့္ေတာ့ လႈပ္ရွားမႈေတြ၊ စီမံေဆာင္ရြက္မႈေတြ၊ ႐ုန္းကန္မႈေတြ၊ သေဘာထားေဖာ္ထုတ္မႈေတြဟာ ဒီေန႔လိုကာလမ်ဳိးနဲ႔ေတာ့ အမ်ားႀကီးကြဲလြဲသြားမယ္လို႔ေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေျပာလို႔ရပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ရဲ႕အေနအထားေတြဟာ ပိုၿပီးေတာ့ တင္းမာတဲ့ အေနအထားမ်ဳိး သို႔မဟုတ္လည္း ပိုၿပီးေတာ့ ျပတ္သားတဲ့ အေနအထားမ်ဳိးကို ေရာက္လာမယ္လို႔ အဲေလာက္ေတာ့ ေျပာလို႔ရမယ္။ ဘာပဲေျပာေျပာ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီဟာ တရား၀င္ပါတီေတာ့ ျဖစ္ေနမယ္လို႔ မွန္းဆတယ္။ တရား၀င္ပါတီတခုဟာ ပါတီတခုလုံးကို ေထာင္က်တဲ့ အေနအထားမ်ဳိး ေရာက္လာမယ္ဆိုရင္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ရဲ႕တုံ႔ျပန္မႈေတြဟာ ပိုၿပီးေတာ့ ျပင္းထန္တင္းမာလာမယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ အဲလိုယူဆပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ။ ဒါဆို အခုျပဳလုပ္မယ့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဟာ ႏိုင္ငံေရးျပႆနာေတြကို ေျပလည္ေစမယ့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲမဟုတ္ဘူးလို႔ ဆရာ ဆိုလိုခ်င္တာပါလား။
ေျဖ။ ။ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ မယူဆတဲ့အေၾကာင္းကလည္း ခုဏေျပာသလိုေပါ့။ အဓိကအခ်က္ကေတာ့ ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဟာ ၂၀၀၈ အေျခခံဥပေဒအရ က်င္းပမယ့္ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ။ တခါ အဲဒီေရြးေကာက္ပြဲက ေပၚေပါက္လာမယ့္ ရလဒ္ေတြျဖစ္တဲ့ လႊတ္ေတာ္တုိ႔၊ အစိုးရအဖြဲ႔တို႔ဆုိတာလည္း ၂၀၀၈ အေျခခံဥပေဒကို အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္မယ့္ ယႏၲရားေတြျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔က သတ္မွတ္တယ္။
ဒီအေျခခံဥပေဒဟာ လက္ရိွရိွေနတဲ့ စစ္အစိုးရရဲ႕ အာဏာရွင္ပုံစံနဲ႔ အုပ္စိုးျခင္းေပါ့ဗ်ာ။ ျပည္သူကို ဖိႏွိပ္ျခင္းတို႔ ခ်ဳပ္ခ်ယ္ျခင္းတုိ႔ ႏိုင္ထက္စီးနင္းျပဳျခင္းတို႔၊ ေနာက္ တုိင္းျပည္မွာ ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတ ငတ္ျပတ္မႈေတြကို လ်စ္လ်ဴ႐ႈၿပီးေတာ့ သူတုိ႔ရဲ႕စစ္အာဏာ တည္ၿမဲေရးကိုသာ လုပ္ေနတဲ့လုပ္ငန္းမ်ားကိုသာ သက္ဆုိးရွည္ေစမယ့္ အေျခခံဥပေဒျဖစ္တယ္။ ဒီအေျခခံဥပေဒကိုေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔က လက္မခံႏိုင္ဘူး။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ ဒီအေျခခံဥပေဒနဲ႔က်င္းပမယ့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကိုလည္း ဒီအေျခခံဥပေဒကိုသာ မျပင္ဘူး ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ လက္မခံႏိုင္ဘူးလို႔ ေျပာေနျခင္းျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ။ ဒီ ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္ ဖြဲစည္းပုံအေျခခံဥပေဒကို ျပင္ႏိုင္မယ့္ အလားအလာေရာ ဆရာျမင္ပါသလား။
ေျဖ။ ။ ဒီလိုရိွပါတယ္။ ျပင္တယ္ဆိုတာမ်ဳိးက ႏွစ္မ်ဳိးရိွတယ္။ စစ္အစိုးရကေနၿပီးေတာ့ ဒါဟာ အမ်ားျပည္သူကလည္း လက္မခံဘူး၊ အတိုက္အခံ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအင္အားစုေတြကလည္း လက္မခံဘူး၊ ကမာၻကလည္း လက္မခံတဲ့သေဘာေတြ ျပလာၿပီဆိုရင္ သူတုိ႔က လိုအပ္တဲ့အေနအထားမ်ဳိးကို ျပင္မယ္ဆိုလို႔ရိွရင္ သူတုိ႔ျပင္ႏုိင္တာေပါ့။ သူတုိ႔က စစ္အာဏာပိုင္ အဖြဲ႔အစည္းပဲ၊ ေနာက္ျပည္သူမ်ားက ဆႏၵေပးထားတယ္ဆိုတာကလည္း ရွင္းရွင္းေျပာရရင္ သူတို႔ရဲ႕ဖန္တီးလုပ္ေဆာင္ခ်က္ေတြ ျဖစ္တဲ့အခါက်ေတာ့ သူတုိ႔ျပင္မယ္ဆိုလည္း ျပင္လို႔ရတာေပါ့။ သုိ႔ေသာ္ အေကာင္းဆုံးပုံသဏၭာန္ကေတာ့ အဲဒီအေျခခံဥပေဒကို လိုအပ္သလို ပိုၿပီးေတာ့ ေကာင္းမြန္ေအာင္ အမ်ားျပည္သူဆႏၵနဲ႔လည္း ကိုက္ညီေအာင္၊ သုိ႔မဟုတ္လည္း အေျခအေနနဲ႔ ကိုက္ညီေအာင္ေပါ့ဗ်ာ။ သူတုိ႔အဆိုအရေတာ့ အမ်ားျပည္သူက (၉၂) ရာခိုင္ႏႈန္း ဆႏၵမဲေပးထားတယ္ဆိုေတာ့ အမ်ားျပည္သူဆႏၵနဲ႔ ကိုက္ညီၿပီးသားျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ သူတို႔ကေတာ့ ေျပာေတာ့မွာေပါ့ဗ်ာ။ ဒါေပမယ့္ အဲဒီလို အမ်ားျပည္သူဆႏၵနဲ႔ ကိုက္ညီတယ္ဆိုေသာ္လည္း အဲဒါက ၂၀၀၈ ခုႏွစ္ သို႔မဟုတ္ ၂၀၀၈ အႀကိဳကာလေတြက ကိုက္ညီျခင္းျဖစ္ေသာ္လည္း လက္ရိွ ေျပာင္းလဲလာတဲ့ အေျခအေနေတြအရ သိပ္မေကာင္းဘူးဆိုရင္ သူတုိ႔ျပင္ဖို႔လမ္းက ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ စားပြဲေပၚမွာ ႏွစ္ဘက္စလုံးကေန အဆုံးအျဖတ္ေပးႏိုင္ေသာ ပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ား သို႔မဟုတ္ ဒိုင္ယာေလာ့စားပြဲေပၚမွာ ဒီကိစၥကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ စဥ္းစားလို႔ရပါတယ္။ တိုင္းျပည္ရဲ႕အဆုံးအျဖတ္ေပးႏိုင္တဲ့ ေခါင္းေဆာင္ပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ားကေနၿပီးေတာ့ ဆုံးျဖတ္လိုက္ရင္ အဲဒီအစည္းအေ၀းလိုေနရာမ်ဳိးကေန စီးဆင္းလာတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံေရးသေဘာထားဟာ အကုန္လုံးကို ေျပာင္းလဲလို႔ရပါတယ္။ ဥပမာ ပင္လုံေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကေန စီးဆင္းလာတဲ့ အာဏာသေဘာဟာ ျပည္ေထာင္စုဖြဲ႔စည္းေရးလိုဟာမ်ဳိးကို ျဖစ္ေပၚေစႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ တိုင္းျပည္မွာ အဆုံးအျဖတ္ေပးႏုိင္တဲ့ ထိပ္သီးပုဂၢိဳလ္မ်ား ေဆြးေႏြးၾကမယ္ဆိုရင္ အဲဒီက စီးဆင္းလာတဲ့အာဏာ၊ သေဘာထားဟာ အကုန္လုံးကို ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲလို႔ ရပါတယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ယူဆတယ္။
ေမး။ ။ ဘယ္လုိ ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲလို႔ ရမွာလဲဆိုတာ သိပါရေစ။
ေျဖ။ ။ အခုေရြးေကာက္ပြဲက ဒီအေျခခံဥပေဒအတိုင္းသြားမွာျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအေျဖမဟုတ္ဘူး၊ ႏိုင္ငံေရးျပႆနာ ေတြကို ရွင္းလည္းရွင္းႏိုင္မွာမဟုတ္ဘူး။ ႏိုင္ငံေရးျပႆနာေတြကို ဒီေန႔ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲအႀကိဳကာလမွာ ရွင္းခ်င္လို႔ပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္၊ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ ကာလမွာ ရွင္းခ်င္လို႔ပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္၊ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲအလြန္ကာလမွာ ရွင္းခ်င္လို႔ပဲျဖစ္ျဖစ္ အဲလိုသေဘာထားမ်ဳိး က်ေနာ္တို႔မွာ ရိွတယ္ဆိုရင္ အမ်ဳိးသားျပန္လည္သင့္ျမတ္ေရးေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကေနၿပီး ၂၀၀၈ အေျခခံဥပေဒထဲကေနၿပီး ျပင္ဖို႔လိုအပ္တဲ့အခ်က္ မ်ားကို ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲႏိုင္မယ္ဆိုရင္ အဲဒီက ေပၚထြက္လာမယ့္ဆုံးျဖတ္ခ်က္ သေဘာထား အာဏာမ်ားဟာ ဒီအေျခခံဥပေဒကို ျပင္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဒီအေျခခံဥပေဒကိုသာ ျပင္လိုက္ရင္ ျပႆနာေပါင္းစုံ ရွင္းသြားမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ျပႆနာေပါင္းစုံဆိုတာ တိုင္းရင္းသားေတြမွာရိွတဲ့ သေဘာထားေတြကို ေျပာင္းလဲသြားေစႏိုင္မယ္၊ တိုင္းရင္းသားေတြနဲ႔ စစ္အစိုးရဆက္ဆံေရးဟာလည္း ေျပာင္းလဲသြားႏိုင္တယ္။ အလားတူပဲ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီလို ဒီမိုကေရစီ အင္အားစုေတြနဲ႔ အစိုးရဆက္ဆံေရးျဖစ္တဲ့ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲမွာ ပါ၀င္ေရးဆိုတဲ့ အခ်က္ေတြကိုလည္း က်ေနာ္တို႔ ေျပာင္းလဲသြားေစႏိုင္မယ္။ အလားတူပဲ ကမာၻနဲ႔ဆက္ဆံေရးပါ ေျပာင္းလဲသြားမယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္က ယူဆတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္ က်ေနာ္က ဒီေန႔ကာလဟာ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဟာ အေျဖမဟုတ္ပါဘူး၊ အေျဖဟာ ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးပြဲသာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္လို႔ ေျပာေနတာပါ။ က်ေနာ္တို႔အဖို႔ကေတာ့ သို႔မဟုတ္လည္း က်ေနာ္တို႔နဲ႔အတူ လက္တြဲၿပီးေဆာင္ရြက္ေနတဲ့ တိုင္းရင္းသား အဖြဲ႔အစည္းမ်ားအဖို႔၊ က်ေနာ္တို႔ကို ေထာက္ခံအားေပးေနတဲ့ ကမာၻနဲ႔တကြ ကုလသမဂၢတို႔အဖို႔ကေတာ့ ဒီေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ ျဖစ္လိုက္ရင္ အေကာင္းဆုံးအေျခအေနမ်ား ေပၚထြန္းလာဖို႔အတြက္ အလားအလာေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးရိွတယ္လို႔ က်ေနာ္က အဲလိုပဲ ယူဆတယ္။
ေမး။ ။ အမ်ဳိးသားစည္းလုံးညီၫြတ္ေရး ကိစၥေရာ ေျပလည္ႏိုင္ပါ့မလားဆရာ။
ေျဖ။ ။ ေျပလည္ႏုိင္တာေပါ့ခင္ဗ်ာ။ ဘာလို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ ဒီေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးပြဲဟာ ႏိုင္ငံေရးအားျဖင့္ အဓိကက်တယ္လို႔ တဖက္က ေျပာေနေပမယ့္လို႔ တုိင္းျပည္ႀကီးတခုလုံး သုိ႔မဟုတ္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုႀကီးတခုလုံးရဲ႕ အနာဂတ္အေနနဲ႔ဆိုရင္လည္း အမ်ဳိးသားျပည္လည္သင့္ျမတ္ေရးလို႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ေျပာေနတာကေနတဆင့္ အမ်ဳိးသားညီၫြတ္ေရးဆိုတာ ေပၚထြက္လာႏိုင္တဲ့ အေနအထားရိွပါတယ္။ ဒီေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကသာလွ်င္ ခ်က္ခ်င္းလက္ငင္း အေျဖမေပၚထြက္လာေသာ္ျငားလည္း အေျခခံသေဘာထားေတြ ေပၚလို႔ရိွရင္ က်ေနာ္တို႔ဆက္လက္ ညိႇႏႈိင္းသြားဖုိ႔ပဲ ရိွပါတယ္။ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္နဲ႔ ဗိုလ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉးႀကီးသန္းေရႊတို႔ ေတြ႔လိုက္ရင္ အဲဒီကေနခ်မွတ္တဲ့ သေဘာထားေတြအေပၚ ဆက္လက္ၿပီး အဆင့္ဆင့္ေသာ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲမ်ား က်င္းပသြားျခင္းအားျဖင့္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲအေျခခံဥပေဒ ျပင္ဆင္ေရးကိစၥကေန အမ်ဳိးသားညီၫြတ္ေရးကိစၥအထိ အက်ဳိးဆက္မ်ား ဆက္တိုက္ေပၚသြားႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ ဒီေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကေန အစြန္းတဖက္မွာ အေျခခံဥပေဒျပင္ဆင္ေရး ကိစၥေတြရိွသလို ေနာက္အစြန္းတဖက္မွာလည္း အမ်ဳိးသားညီၫြတ္ေရးအထိ ရည္မွန္းခ်က္ေတြ ရိွတဲ့အတြက္ ဒီလိုက်င္းပျခင္းဟာ ဒီေန႔ကာလတိုင္းျပည္ရဲ႕ ထြက္ေပါက္ အေျဖပဲျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ေမး။ ။ တကယ္လို႔ အန္အယ္လ္ဒီဟာ ၂၀၁၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ၀င္လိုက္မယ္ဆိုရင္ ၁၉၉၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲရလဒ္ဟာ အတိတ္မွာက်န္ခဲ့မယ္လို႔ ေျပာဆုိသံေတြ ထြက္ေပၚေနပါတယ္။ အဲဒါနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ဆရာဘယ္လို ေျပာခ်င္ပါသလဲ။
ေျဖ။ ။ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲလိုဟာမ်ဳိးကို က်ေနာ္တို႔က ေခါင္းလွ်ိဳၿပီးေတာ့၀င္သြားရင္ ၁၉၉၀ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲဟာ အတိတ္မွာ က်န္ခဲ့တယ္ ဆိုတဲ့ဟာမ်ဳိးထက္ အျဖစ္မွန္က ဘာလဲဆိုေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တို႔ဟာ ျပည္သူလူထုကေန အပ္ႏွင္းထားတဲ့ မန္းဒိတ္ကို အစိုးရကိုယ္တိုင္ ကလည္း မဖ်က္ေသးဘူးဗ်။ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲေကာ္မရွင္ကေန ဒါကို တရားမ၀င္ေတာ့ဘူးလို႔ ေျပာဆိုျခင္းမရိွဘဲနဲ႔ စစ္အစိုးရ လုပ္ေနတဲ့ပုံသဏၭာန္ဟာ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲတခုကို ေနာက္ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲတခုနဲ႔ ေက်ာ္လႊားဖို႔လုပ္ေနတာ။ အဲဒါကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ လက္မခံႏိုင္ဘူး။ က်ေနာ္ကေတာ့ အတိတ္မွာက်န္ခဲ့တယ္လို႔ မေျပာခ်င္ဘူး။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ဟာ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲအသစ္ကို ၀င္လိုက္တယ္ဆိုရင္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ အေဟာင္းတုန္းက အေကာင္အထည္လည္း ရလဒ္တစုံတရာမေပၚခဲ့ဘူး၊ ျပည္သူလူထုက အပ္ႏွင္းတဲ့အာဏာကိုလည္း က်ေနာ္တို႔က ဘာမွအေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ေပးႏိုင္ျခင္း မရိွဘူး၊ ေနာက္တခါ အဲဒီေရြးေကာက္ပြဲရဲ႕ ရလဒ္ႀကီးတခုလုံးကိုလည္း တာ၀န္ရိွတဲ့ စစ္အစိုးရကေနၿပီးေတာ့ ဖ်က္သိမ္းျခင္းတို႔ ဘာတို႔လည္း ေၾကညာျခင္းမရိွဘဲနဲ႔ ဒီတိုင္းခ်န္ခဲ့လို႔မရဘူး။ အဲဒါနဲ႔ပတ္သက္လို႔ က်ေနာ္တို႔ရဲ႕သေဘာထားက ၁၉၉၀ ျပည့္ႏွစ္ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲရလဒ္ကို တနည္းနည္းနဲ႔ အသိအမွတ္ျပဳမယ္ဆိုရင္ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္က ေျပာတဲ့စကားဗ်။ တနည္းနည္းနဲ႔ဆိုတာ က်ေနာ္တို႔ အနိမ့္ဆုံးပုံစံနဲ႔လည္း ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။ အျမင့္ဆုံးပုံသဏၭာန္နဲ႔လည္း ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
အျမင့္ဆုံးပုံသဏၭာန္ဆိုတာက အာဏာလႊဲေျပာင္းေပးဖို႔ေပါ့။ အနိမ့္ဆုံး ပုံသဏၭာန္ဆိုတာကလည္း ေတြ႔ဆုံေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကေန သေဘာတူညီခ်က္ရရင္ အဲဒါေတြကို အေျခခံၿပီးေတာ့ လႊတ္ေတာ္ေခၚလိုက္။ တေန႔တည္းပဲေခၚေခၚ ဒီလႊတ္ေတာ္ကေန သေဘာတူညီခ်က္မ်ားကို အတည္ျပဳလိုက္ၿပီဆိုတဲ့ဟာမ်ဳိးနဲ႔ ၿပီးရင္ ဒီလႊတ္ေတာ္ကို ဖ်က္သိမ္းၿပီးေတာ့ ေနာက္ထပ္ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲ အသစ္ လုပ္မယ္ဆိုတာမ်ဳိးပါ။ အဲလိုလုပ္လို႔ရပါတယ္။ ဒါက က်ေနာ္ရဲ႕ ကိုယ္ပိုင္အေတြးအေခၚပါ။ တနည္းနည္းနဲ႔ဆိုတဲ့ ေဒၚေအာင္ဆန္းစုၾကည္စကားဟာ အနိမ့္ဆုံးလည္းလုပ္လို႔ရပါတယ္။ အျမင့္ဆုံးလည္းလုပ္လို႔ရပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမယ့္လို႔ ဒီလိုတနည္းနည္းနဲ႔ အသိအမွတ္ျပဳျခင္းကေတာ့ လုပ္ဖို႔ေကာင္းတယ္။ အဲလိုလုပ္တာမဟုတ္ဘဲနဲ႔ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲတခုကို ေနာက္ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲတခုနဲ႔ နင္းႀကိတ္ေခ်သလိုလုပ္ရင္ေတာ့ ဒါေတြဟာ သမိုင္းမွာလည္း မလွမပျဖစ္မယ္။ ေရွ႕ဆက္ၿပီး အျငင္းပြားစရာေတြကလည္း ရိွမယ္။ အေၾကာင္းေၾကာင္းေၾကာင့္ ဒီေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကိုပဲ ဆုပ္ကိုင္ၿပီးထားၿပီးေတာ့ ေနာက္ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကို ေက်ာခုိင္းတဲ့ပုံသဏၭာန္မ်ဳိးလုပ္ရင္လည္း ဗမာျပည္ရဲ႕ ႏိုင္ငံေရးျပႆနာေတြဟာ ရွင္းစရာ ေျပလည္စရာ ဘာမွ ရိွမွာမဟုတ္ဘူးလို႔ က်ေနာ္က ယူဆပါတယ္။
Tuesday, December 22, 2009
Myanmar's Suu Kyi party needs new blood: analysts
Myanmar's Suu Kyi party needs new blood: analysts
by Rachel O'Brien – Sun Dec 20, 1:30 am ET
BANGKOK (AFP) – Myanmar's opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi faces an urgent challenge to shake up her party's ranks, analysts say, after a rare meeting with her colleagues exposed a weak and ageing leadership team.
Faced with national polls next year and their leader still in detention, members of the National League for Democracy (NLD) also need to resolve ideological differences within the party, they said.
The military junta, which has ruled Myanmar with an iron fist since 1962, allowed the democracy icon to leave her prison home Wednesday to pay respects to three ailing senior members of her political party, and she used the opportunity to ask their permission to ring in changes.
Party chairman Aung Shwe, 92, secretary Lwin, 85, and central executive committee (CEC) member Lun Tin, 89, approved Suu Kyi's unprecedented request to "reorganise" the CEC, Lwin said.
At 64, Suu Kyi is the youngest of the 11-member committee, while nine are in their 80s and 90s and most of them are said to be in bad health. Related article: China's vice president in Myanmar for talks
The old guard have disagreed with younger members over party policies, including whether or not to contest polls scheduled for 2010, with many of the new generation favouring a more pragmatic approach.
"It's a make or break point for the NLD," said a Bangkok-based European diplomat on condition of anonymity. "There are obviously many hardliners in the committee who are perhaps looking to the past more than the future."
The party is yet to decide if it will take part in the elections, which critics fear are a sham designed to legitimise the junta's grip on power.
But the diplomat said the latest development showed Suu Kyi "has given her signal that she wants them to reorganise and she wants the party to get ready".
"At the moment there's an amazing lack of vision and knowledge when it comes to the economic situation, the ethnic issue -- all the key Burma challenges," the diplomat said, using Myanmar's former name and referring to tensions with minority groups.
Suu Kyi has spent most of the last 20 years in detention and calls for changes have been coming ever since her first period of freedom 14 years ago, said Derek Tonkin, chairman of the UK-based Network Myanmar.
"Since then a lot of people say she ought to have applied herself to the reorganisation of the party more than political campaigns," he said.
But Win Min, an activist and scholar in the northern Thai city of Chiang Mai, said new membership had been stifled by fear of the authorities.
"It may be difficult to recruit new blood at the grassroots level because of the restrictions and intimidation by the military," he said.
In August, following a prison trial, Suu Kyi was ordered to spend another 18 months in detention.
The sentence sparked an international furore as it effectively keeps her off the stage for the 2010 elections, which will be Myanmar's first since 1990, when the junta refused to recognise the NLD's landslide win.
Following moves in recent months by the United States and European Union towards a policy of engagement with Myanmar, Suu Kyi has pursued greater dialogue with the government.
She has written twice to junta chief Than Shwe, once offering her help in getting sanctions lifted and later seeking a meeting with him, while she has been allowed three meetings with the government liaison officer since October.
But her plea for talks with the other CEC members, which would be necessary to implement changes to the party, has not yet been granted.
One member, 68-year-old Khin Maung Swe, told AFP a place would be kept for loyal senior colleagues.
"It is certain that we will reorganise the committee, but we cannot say the time-frame.. .. We cannot neglect our senior CEC members if they want to serve," he said.
Although the NLD's fate largely remains in the hands of the junta, the Bangkok-based diplomat said the party members are partly to blame for their "incapacity to rejuvenate themselves".
"If they don't get this right they will be remembered for being full of good intentions but all their sacrifices will be in vain, and I think Aung San Suu Kyi had grasped that," he said.
Saturday, December 19, 2009
Irrawaddy: Call to reorganize NLD garners support, questions – Arkar Moe
Irrawaddy: Call to reorganize NLD garners support, questions – Arkar Moe
Thu 17 Dec 2009
Filed under: Inside Burma
NLD leaders embrace Aung San Suu Kyi’s call to reorganize Burma’s most prestigious opposition party, while raising questions about timing and and other matters.However, the party now faces difficult questions of how quickly and extensively the leadership structure can be reorganized, replacing long-serving leaders now in their 80s and 90s and how will such changes affect its decision on whether or not to take part in the 2010 national election?
Among the issues within the NLD have been differences of views between younger and more senior party members in terms of aggrersive promotion of the party’s interest throughout the country and its participation in the upcoming election. In recent years, the regime closed NLD offices throughout the country, threatening its survival as a viable opposition group, and arrested and jailed many party members.
On Wednesday, Suu Kyi called for a reorganization of the central executive committee (CEC) after meeting with three elderly and ailing senior leaders.
NLD spokesman Khin Maung Swe confirmed to The Irrawaddy on Thursday that most NLD offices outside of Rangoon are closed. “There are many difficulties in holding a nationwide meeting,” he said.
He said the central executive committe can be reorganized more effectively.
The NLD has not held a nationwide party gathering for at least a decade because of harassment by the authorities and other setbacks. Although younger party members recently called for party meetings across the country, the CEC did not authorize the move, sources said.
Political observers inside Burma have said the NLD must strengthen its presence in the countryside to maintain its popularity and influence, particular ahead of the 2010 general election.
Myat Hla,74, the NLD chairperson in Pegu and an elected representative of the people’s parliament, told The Irrawaddy on Thursday, “I welcome Daw Aung San Suu Kyi’s calls. Most NLD CEC members are not functioning effectively now. If the NLD does not reorganize, it will lose its leadership role.”
Senior party leader Win Tin told The Irrawaddy, “I agree that the NLD needs to reorganize, but, it won’t be easy to carry out all in short time.”
Moe Zaw Oo, secretary 2 of the Foreign Affairs Department of the National League for Democracy—Liberated Area (NLD-LA), told The Irrawaddy on Thursday: “It’s high time to reform, and I welcome Suu Kyi‘s call. It’s natural that there are different views between older members and youths. But finally we must all be united in the best interests of the NLD.”
The NLD should hold a nationwide meeting, he said, but the military government would probably not allow it.
In November 2009, NLD members from Pegu and Mandalay divisions sent a joint letter calling for a national conference to debate the issue of the NLD’s role in next year’s election.
The letter also called for the resignation of two elderly NLD leaders.
Recently, members of the youth wing of the party voiced ideological differences publically, saying the main objective of forming the NLD in 1988 was to bring about democracy and positive change in the country. They said that instead the party had drifted into a “survival” mode.
Responding to the criticism, some members said the party reversed its so-called “survival” policy, noting that in 2008, it rejected the junta’s call to withdraw NLD statements that criticized the constitutional referendum.
The NLD wrote to the Election Commission on Nov. 16 saying that under the election law it had the authority to reorganize its party.
Thursday, December 17, 2009
Myanmar lets dissident meet with her party
Myanmar lets dissident meet with her party
Move comes as Obama seeks to engage junta
By Mark McDonald, New York Times News | December 17, 2009
HONG KONG - The military junta in Myanmar allowed the opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi to meet with senior members of her party yesterday, the latest in a recent series of signals that suggest the junta might be responding to diplomatic overtures from the West.
A Western diplomat in the main city of Yangon, who spoke on the condition of anonymity, said Suu Kyi was permitted to leave her home under military guard to meet with three elderly leaders of her National League for Democracy. She has been under house arrest for 14 of the past 20 years.
The meeting took place at a state guest house in Yangon, the former Rangoon. She had not been permitted to confer with her party colleagues in nearly a year.
Suu Kyi, the 1991 Nobel Peace laureate, had requested the meeting in a letter to the leader of the junta, Senior General Than Shwe. She also requested a meeting with the general himself.
Despite her continuing detention, Suu Kyi has been able to meet in recent months with a number of visiting diplomats, including a high-level delegation from the United States that was led by Kurt M. Campbell, an assistant secretary of state, and his deputy, Scot Marciel.
Earlier this year, the Obama administration undertook a review of American policy toward Myanmar, formerly known as Burma, and decided to seek a new approach, including direct talks with the junta.
But Campbell said a wide array of sanctions against Myanmar would not be immediately relaxed, and improved bilateral relations depended on the regime making “real progress on democracy and human rights,’’ a demand reiterated by President Obama at a regional summit meeting last month in Singapore.
While in Singapore, Obama sat in a meeting near the prime minister of Myanmar, General Thein Sein - the first time an American president had met with a member of the junta.
Suu Kyi met for 45 minutes yesterday with the National League for Democracy chairman, Aung Shwe, 92; the party secretary, U Lwin, 87; and another senior official, Lun Tin.
The elderly leaders of the party are known collectively in diplomatic circles in Yangon as “the uncles.’’
Their meeting, which U Lwin discussed with reporters afterward, took place less than a week before the highest court in Myanmar is scheduled to begin considering an appeal of the 18-month extension of Suu Kyi’s house arrest.
That extension, which was handed down in August, came after an American man swam to her lakeside home in May, evaded military guards and briefly stayed there - a breach of the terms of her detention.
One of her lawyers, Kyi Win, said this month that the hearing would likely be a procedural affair. But a successful appeal and a lifting of her detention could allow Suu Kyi to play a role in national elections that the junta has vowed to hold next year.
Analysts and diplomats say the country’s new Constitution virtually ensures the continuing dominance of the military in the political life of the country, despite the election. Suu Kyi would likely be barred from running for office because her husband, who died in 1999, was a foreigner.
Her party won a landslide victory in national elections in 1990, and she was elected prime minister. The results of the election were annulled by the junta, which has continued to rule ever since.
© Copyright 2009 The New York Times Company
Friday, October 30, 2009
Include NLD, Ethnic Minorities in Dialogue: US Sen
Include NLD, Ethnic Minorities in Dialogue: US Sen
By LALIT K JHA Friday, October 30, 2009
WASHINGTON — A key US senator has called for the National League for Democracy (NLD) and ethnic minority groups to be included in the US-Burma talks.
"I believe that this interaction should not be limited to talks merely with the SPDC but should also include discussions with the National League for Democracy and representatives from Burma's ethnic minorities," Sen. Mitch McConnell said on the floor of the Senate.
Sen. Mitch McConnell
He said he is "not sanguine" about the prospects for engagement with the Burmese regime, because the military junta has not shown any ability to compromise on any issues that might jeopardize its hold on power.
"According to news reports, in July of this year, just weeks before the unveiling of the new Burma policy, the state department at the highest levels offered to drop the US investment ban against Burma if the regime released Aung San Suu Kyi," he said.
"This was a major test of how the regime would respond to diplomatic engagement, providing a golden opportunity for the SPDC to demonstrate that it had indeed changed its spots. Instead of accepting this offer and freeing Suu Kyi, the regime promptly sentenced her to an additional 18 months of imprisonment. That does not augur well for diplomatic engagement," he said.
He said there are three significant tests of whether or not the junta's relationship with the US has improved to the degree that it should consider moving away from a sanction policy: first, the release of all political prisoners, including Suu Kyi; second, a free and fair 2010 elections; and third, Burma's compliance with its international obligations to end any prohibited relationships with North Korea.
"Short of tangible and concrete progress in these areas, the removal of sanctions seems to make little sense,” said Sen. McConnell. “It is after all the most significant leverage our government has over the SPDC. Sanctions make clear that the military junta has not achieved legitimacy in the eyes of the West."
He said the 2010 Burmese elections are fraught with problems. As a preliminary matter, for the elections to be meaningful, the new Constitution should be amended to provide for a truly open electoral competition and democratic governance, he said.
"As it stands now under the junta's charter, if Suu Kyi's party, the NLD, won 100 percent of the contestable parliamentary seats in next year's election, it would still not control the key government ministries: defense and home affairs. No matter what, they will remain firmly under military control. Moreover, the NLD cannot amend the Constitution to improve the charter because the military is guaranteed a quarter of the parliament's seats," he said.
"That means the junta can block any Constitutional change. Finally, Suu Kyi may not even hold a position in the government. She is excluded from office by the charter. I would say to my Senate colleagues, this is hardly a prescription for democratic governance," McConnell said.
He said there would need to be a profound change in the political environment in Burma for the 2010 election to be meaningful.
"With respect to next year's balloting, the NLD, the clear winner of the 1990 elections which the regime abrogated, faces a Hobson's choice,” he said. “It can either participate in the elections which are almost certain to be unfair and thereby legitimize the flawed Constitution or boycott the elections and be treated as a member of an unlawful organization," he said.
"Participation means casting aside its 1990 victory. Nonparticipation means becoming outlaws. I am likely to support the NLD in whatever decision the party makes in this regard though I am not blind to the profound dilemma it faces," McConnell said.
Copyright © 2008 Irrawaddy Publishing Group | www.irrawaddy. org
http://www.irrawadd y.org/article. php?art_id= 17100
Thursday, October 29, 2009
NLD Elder Holds Out for Constitutional Review
NLD Elder Holds Out for Constitutional Review
Wednesday, October 28, 2009
U Win Tin is a founding member of the National League for Democracy (NLD), which was formed in 1988. He is also a well-known journalist in Burma. He was detained in 1989 and served 19 years in prison. He was released in September 2008. He spoke to The Irrawaddy on the issues of international economic sanctions, the 2010 election, the regime’s 2008 Constitution and the current position of the NLD.
Question: How much does the lifting of Western economic sanctions on Burma relate to national reconciliation?
Answer: In our politics, these two factors are related. If there is a US dialogue, the military regime is involved in the process. The sanctions now control them somewhat. Even if the sanctions can’t be said to strengthen us [the NLD], it is at least a rein on the junta. It’s something like tying down a brutal giant with many ropes so that we can survive.
I think there are three kinds of sanctions. First, there are sanctions that can affect ordinary people. For example, the US sanction [on the importation of Burmese textile products] caused unemployment in the garment factories. Second, there are sanctions that can directly affect the military generals and their cronies. Third, there are many countries that imposed arms embargos on Burma. Among these three kinds, we don’t have anything to say about the sanctions affecting the military and its generals, but we will step in to talk about easing the sanctions that affect the people.
I think if there is an ease in sanctions, it can probably lead to national reconciliation. The new US policy will be carried out while maintaining the existing sanctions. It is a drama which will include a variety of scripts, such as sadness, pleasure, and Nhit Par Thwar [a dance with a main actor and actress]. The last script of the drama, we expect, will be Zat Paung Khan [a peaceful end]. Therefore, we can’t predict now the role of sanctions in political dialogue and reconciliation. Things will unfold more before the 2010 election.
Q: What is your opinion on the announcement of the regime to hold the election as scheduled, and their preparations?
A: on March 27, Snr-Gen Than Shwe said he will not review the Constitution. Recently, he again declared that the Constitution has already been approved by the people and the elections will be held systematically. He said that political parties must respect the Constitution, and parties that work responsibly will be protected by the government. It means that if they believe some political parties are not responsible in their work, they will take action against the parties. These two facts are significant.
His words can be translated into these points: Political parties must keep quiet. All the principles have been set out for the pre-election campaigns: don’t talk about the demands from [the NLD’s] Shwegondine Declaration. I think he also warned other politicians, including from the National Unity Party (NUP) [transformed from the former ruling Burma Socialist Programme Party], who said the Constitution can be amended in the future. It looks like the parties must follow their way.
Q: What do you think the democratic forces and ethnic organizations should do in regard to the election?
A: There is still a way out. Although they denied a review of the Constitution, I still have hope for a political dialogue. If we demand it with a united stand, I think we have a way left. I think Snr-Gen Than Shwe’s words are related to the new US Burma policy. He bluntly responded to the US demands on the election and its relations with the opposition groups. But politics is an unending process no matter how decisive the general is in his words. The situation is changing. Daw Aung San Suu Kyi also asked the US to engage with both sides. Whatever Snr-Gen Than Shwe says, I expect the US policy will open a way for relations with the regime.
Q: What are your views on some politicians who want to take part in the election?
A: Regarding this election, my stand is even a bit different from the NLD. I accept the NLD’s stand on the Shwegondine Declaration. The statement demands a release of all political prisoners, a review of the Constitution and to hold a free and fair election under international supervision. What we mainly want is political dialogue.
U Thu Wai and U Khin Maung Gyi of the NUP said that the situation will change in the next 10 to 15 years. They will take part in the election. They didn’t consult with us. I don’t agree that we should take part in the election.
We must create a situation conducive to the participation of all parties. We believe that all the parties should demand a more flexible Constitution at the outset. If the Constitution is amended, we can have a democratic space to some extend and can talk and work in parliament. If we accept the current situation, no amendments can be made, and there will be no rights for democratic forces or ethnic nationalities.
Yes, the Constitution offers a parliament where we can have a political platform from which to talk. But we must understand that under this Constitution, we can’t make any decision or move forward. That’s why I say we must demand a review of the Constitution before the election.
Q: What do you want to amend in the 2008 constitution?
A: There are about a dozen things that should be amended. What I can say now is we can’t accept the sixth basic principle of the Constitution: “the national political leadership role” of the military. The fact that more than 75 percent of the parliamentary vote is needed to amend the Constitution should be amended. Regarding the rights of ethnic nationalities, the fact that the President will appoint the chairmen of the Hluttaws (Parliament) in the Regions and States should be amended. That is important for the ethnic nationalities.
Q: What are your thoughts on the debate inside the NLD over whether the party should take part in the election?
A: Our leaders have their roots in the democratic struggle. I led a Burmese media union and spent about 20 years in jail. Therefore, I have evaluated the situation in terms of the goals of our democratic struggle. I think and talk in this way.
A central issue is the results of the 1990 election [a landslide win for the NLD]. We can’t throw away the results like a piece of paper or a leaf. In the NLD, there are people who have safeguarded the party for the past 20 years. For me, I do things based on the spirit I had during the democratic struggle in 1988. Some party leaders base their thinking on rationality. There are differences in our ways of thinking and working.
Some in the party think the regime can change its attitude, but I don’t think so. We have different views in this respect. They think the regime can become flexible and take positive steps and make some compromises. But the regime is stubborn, and it tries to do all that it can to hold on to power.
The youth organizations, monks, democratic forces and ethnic nationalities outside the country are all talking about a boycott of the election. Inside the country, there are some political groups that talk about contesting the election, but they are not a strong force even though they have important leaders.
Democratic and ethnic forces inside and outside the country are decisively saying “No” to the election. On the other hand, some so-called third forces and a few cease-fire armed ethnic groups are willing to take part.
The NLD won the election in 1990, but to date the party hasn’t been allowed to carry out the election results. At this point, if we turn our back on the 1990 election results and talk about taking part in the new election, the NLD will be shamed. In the future, the political scenario will be clearer, after the NLD finally decides whether to contest the election or not.
Copyright © 2008 Irrawaddy Publishing Group | www.irrawaddy. org
http://www.irrawadd y.org/article. php?art_id= 17083
Thursday, October 1, 2009
Wednesday, September 23, 2009
Suu Kyi party seeks meeting of detained leaders
Suu Kyi party seeks meeting of detained leaders
Tue Sep 22, 3:31 am ET
YANGON (AFP) – The party of Myanmar opposition leader Aung San Suu Kyi said Tuesday it had urged the chief of the ruling junta to allow a meeting between its detained leaders so they can discuss upcoming elections.
The Nobel Laureate's National League for Democracy (NLD) has not yet said if it will participate in next year's polls, which critics say are a sham designed to legitimise the military regime's iron grip on power.
"We wrote a letter to Senior General Than Shwe on September 16," party spokesman Nyan Win told AFP, referring to the reclusive junta leader.
"The main thing we urged for is permission for a get-together of the detained party leaders Aung San Suu Kyi, Tin Oo (vice chairman) and our central executive committee members," he said.
He said they wanted to lay down NLD policy for the future and make "important decisions according to the recent political situation."
"I cannot say whether they will decide for (participating in) the forthcoming elections or not. But the elections matter will be included in their consideration at the meeting," Nyan Win said.
The NLD won a landslide victory in the country's last elections, in 1990, but was never allowed to govern, and pro-democracy icon Suu Kyi has been in detention for 14 of the past 20 years.
She had her house arrest extended by 18 months in August, when she was found guilty of breaching her detention rules after an American man swam uninvited to her home in May.
Her sentence, which keeps her off the scene for the elections, provoked international outrage and she has appealed against the ruling, with a verdict due in October.
Tin Oo has also been under house arrest since 2003.
Myanmar's military government announced that it would hold the elections in 2010 after approving a controversial constitution in May 2008, just days after devastating Cyclone Nargis hit the country.
The junta released a batch of political activists earlier this month as part of an amnesty for more than 7,000 prisoners, but UN chief Ban Ki-moon has pressed the government to free those still being held, including Suu Kyi.
Tuesday, September 15, 2009
ビルマ市民フォーラム メールマガジン 2009/9/15
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
ビルマ市民フォーラム メールマガジン 2009/9/15
People's Forum on Burma
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
9月13日付、ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo）からのメールを転送させていただき
ます。
（重複の際は何卒ご容赦ください。）
ＰＦＢ事務局 宮澤
http://www1.jca.apc.org/pfb/
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
国民民主連盟（NLD）中央執行委員のウィンティン氏（80）による、米ワシント
ン・ポスト紙への寄稿を紹介します。
来年予定の総選挙に関するNLDの最新の立場表明です。
この中でウィンティン氏は「（ビルマを訪問した米上院議員の）ウェッブ氏は私た
ち（NLD）に対し、長期的な政治戦略の一環としてこの『選挙』への参加を検討する
よう望んでいる。しかし軍事政権が予定する見せかけの選挙とは、わが国の国民が求
める自由を完全に押し潰すものであり、軍事独裁政権の恒久化を実現するものだ」と
し、参加の可能性をはっきり否定しています。
掲載から数日後の12日に、ウィンティン氏は数時間、当局に拘束されました（12日
AFP）。
日本語訳をビルマ情報ネットワークのウェブサイトに掲載しました。ご覧くださ
い。
ビルマ国民に不要な「選挙」
http://www.burmainfo.org/article/article.php?mode=0&articleid=493
原文（英語）
http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/09/08/AR2009090802
959.html
ビルマ情報ネットワーク（http://www.burmainfo.org）
秋元由紀
========================================
ビルマ国民に不要な「選挙」
ウィンティン
ワシントン・ポスト（寄稿）
2009年9月9日
ジェームズ・ウェッブ米上院議員が私の母国を最近訪問し、タンシュエ上級大将
と会談したこと、そしてノーベル平和賞受賞者アウンサンスーチー氏が投獄されたこ
とに多大な関心が寄せられている。個人的には、ビルマの現政権との実質的な対話を
求めるウェッブ氏の強い思いは理解できる。だが残念なことに、ウェッブ氏の努力
は、私たちの民主化運動に悪影響を及ぼしており、誤った問題に焦点を当てている。
その問題とは「選挙」の可能性のことだ。ウェッブ氏は私たちに対し、長期的な政治
戦略の一環としてこの「選挙」への参加を検討するよう望んでいる。しかし軍事政権
が予定する見せかけの選挙とは、わが国の国民が求める自由を完全に押し潰すもので
あり、軍事独裁政権の恒久化を実現するものだ。
わが国で最後に行われた（訳注：1990年の）自由選挙では、ビルマ国民は国軍の
支配を拒絶し、私たちの政党・国民民主連盟（NLD）に対して、8割以上の議席を割り
当てる圧倒的な勝利をもたらした。にもかかわらず国軍はNLDの政権樹立をいまだ拒
んでいる。選挙からこれまでの19年間、ビルマの民主化活動家は投獄や脅迫、拷問、
そして死に直面してきた。正義、個々や民族の権利、ビルマ全国民を代表する民主政
権を平和的に訴えたことがその理由だ。
私たちNLDは民主化運動を断固として継続する一方で、現政権と話し合いのチャネ
ルを開き、対話を開始する可能性を絶えず探ってきた。平和と相互信頼に基づき、ビ
ルマの抱える政治問題と同時に社会問題を対処するための対話を目指してきた。誤解
のないようにしておかなければならないが、この二つの問題はつながっているのだ。
ビルマはかつてアジアの米所だった。だが今日では、軍政が国軍支配の維持を目的と
して破壊的な経済政策と弾圧を実施してきたために、ビルマは壊滅的なダメージを受
け、貧困が蔓延する国になってしまった。
軍政は見せかけの「選挙」を行うことで薄っぺらい合法性を纏おうとし、「規律
ある民主主義」が来年には制度化されると喧伝している。だが2008年5月には、巨大
サイクロンがビルマに未曽有の被害を与え、10万人以上の命を奪った直後であるにも
かかわらず、政府は実にばかげたプロセスを実施し、投票者の93％が憲法を承認した
と発表した。この憲法は国軍支配を恒久化するほか、定義のない「外国との関係」を
持つ人物が公職に就くことを禁じている。これはスーチー氏と民主化活動家が公職に
就くことを妨害するために設けられたご都合主義的な条項だ。
国際的な観測筋の一部には、来年に予定されているこの選挙をチャンスと捉える
向きもある。だが国軍製の憲法が押しつけられている状況下では、選挙はいんちきな
ものにしかならない。わが国に自由をもたらす一縷の望みもないプロセスに参加する
ために、数百万のビルマ国民がデモに参加し、逮捕され、拷問され、命を落として求
めてきた民主主義に関する諸原則をあっさり捨て去ることなど、私たちにはありえな
い。
NLDの諸要求には筋が通っている。この4月に、私たちは国軍との話し合いの実現
に向けて新たな宣言を発表し、全政治囚の釈放、憲法の全面的な見直し、すべての
NLD支部の再開、結社の自由を求めた。軍政はこれに対し、スーチー氏ら2,000人の活
動家を引き続き投獄し、民族集団に対する軍事的攻勢を強化し、民主主義を封じ込め
る規則を適用することで応えた。
国際社会はどのようにして実質的な役割を果たすことができるだろうか。まず
ウェッブ氏のような当局者は中国脅威論を唱えるのを止めるべきだ。ウェッブ氏は中
国の封じ込めと、それに対してビルマ軍政の協力を求めることを主張しているが、こ
れは時代遅れで非現実的な見解に基づいている。スーチー氏はウェッブ氏に対して次
のように述べ、こうした考え方を退けている。「私たちは相手がどこであれ、恐怖や
不安を抱えて接することはありません。私たちはどの国とも、中国であれ米国であれ
インドであれ、平等かつ友好的に接します。近隣国を選ぶことはできないのですか
ら、中国とよい関係を持つ必要があることは認識しています。」第二に、NLDは他国
や国際機関に対して、ビルマ軍政指導部と接触し、私たちNLDと同時にビルマの民族
集団と話し合いを行うよう説得することを求めている。米国など多くの国々がビルマ
に制裁措置を実施している。これは各国の独自の判断によるものであり、私たち皆が
心から大切にしている民主的な価値観に対し各国が示す正当な連帯とも調和してい
る。現政権がNLDと民族集団の代表者とまともに向き合い、政治囚を釈放し、少数民
族への攻撃を停止し、真の民主国家建設に向けた追加的な処置をとるならば、これら
の制裁は適切な時に解除されるだろう。
それまでは、私たちの決意が揺らがないことをはっきりさせておきたい。NLDは、
ビルマ社会の反映だ。私たちは、私たちの闘争の目標である自由をビルマ国民から
奪ってしまう、致命的な欠陥のある政治プロセスに、脅迫や強制によって参加するこ
とはない。私たちにはいつでも話し合いに応じる用意がある。だが私たちには、あれ
ほど多くの人々が自らの命と自由を犠牲にし、獲得しようとしてきた民主的な価値観
を求める闘争を継続するという固い決意があるのだ。
＊ウィンティン氏はビルマの国民民主連盟（NLD）中央執行委員で創設者の一人。
1989年から2008年まで政治囚として投獄されていた。
出典：U Win Tin, “An 'Election' Burma's People Don't Need,” Washington
Post (op-ed), September 9, 2009.
日本語訳 ビルマ情報ネットワーク（翻訳・掲載許可取得済）
========================================
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
配布元 ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo） http://www.burmainfo.org
連絡先 listmaster@burmainfo.org
バックナンバー http://groups.yahoo.co.jp/group/burmainfo/
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
▽転載について
・ビルマ情報ネットワーク（BurmaInfo）のメールマガジンの転載・再配布は、必ず出典を明記したうえで行ってください。
・不特定多数に配付する印刷物や、新聞、雑誌、機関紙（誌）などに掲載の際は、必ずご連絡ください。
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
▽メーリングリストの参加・退会・アドレス変更について
以下のＵＲＬをご覧ください。
http://www.burmainfo.org/about/mailmagazine.php
※原則として手動での変更手続は行っておりませんが、どうしても解決できない
問題があるときや、疑問点がある場合は管理者宛にご連絡ください。
━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
Posts
