MYANMAR: Multi-purpose cyclone shelters needed - UN specialist

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Photo: Lynn Maung/IRIN
The first purpose-built school-cum-cyclone shelter was completed in November
YANGON, 31 December 2008 (IRIN) - A UN specialist has called for the building of cyclone shelters in southern Myanmar ahead of the next monsoon, expected in about five months’ time.

“Multi-purpose cyclone shelters should be built before the monsoon season comes to disaster-prone areas in order to reduce the risk of future disasters,” Dillip Kumar Bhanja, disaster risk reduction specialist for the UN Development Programme (UNDP) in Myanmar, told IRIN in Yangon, the former Burmese capital.

“Tens of thousands of people died because they didn’t have access to cyclone shelters,” he said.

Almost eight months after a devastating cyclone slammed into southern Myanmar, survivors still do not have the cyclone shelters they need.


Cyclone Nargis left close to 140,000 people dead or missing and affected another 2.4 million more when it hit Myanmar’s Ayeyarwady and Yangon divisions on 2-3 May.

Of the 11 severe tropical cyclones to have struck Myanmar over the past 60 years, two made landfall in Myanmar’s Ayeyarwady Delta. The area was also affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami, which claimed more than 60 lives and left over 2,000 homeless along the coast.

Shelters planned

Photo: Lynn Maung/IRIN
Eight months on, cyclone survivors such as this one say they feel unsafe in their makeshift huts when the wind blows

In response the UN, in collaboration with its partners on the ground, plans to build a number of multi-purpose cyclone shelters along the coast in 2009.

“We’re in the process of assessing the existing designs and identifying villages in the delta for construction of the multi-purpose community buildings,” Dillip confirmed, adding, however, that the number had yet to be determined.

According to the Post-Nargis Joint Assessment (PONJA) report - viewed by many as a blueprint for humanitarian response in the area - the need for disaster shelters in the area against cyclones, tsunamis and other catastrophic events was great.

Where appropriate, the shelters should be multi-purpose buildings (e.g. education facilities) with reinforced walls and iron shutters, connected to livestock shelters, with adequate water, sanitation facilities and survival supplies for use after such disasters.

These shelters should also be connected with communication networks for the delivery of relief supplies during a disaster, and/or speedy evacuation, the report said.

A handful of shelters built so far

To date, fewer than six cyclone shelters in the townships of Yangon and Ayeyarwady have been built.

The first purpose-built school, a one-storey school-cum-cyclone shelter, was built by the Myanmar Engineering Society in Kunchangone Township with funding from the Institution of Engineers (Singapore), the Myanmar Club RIT [Rangoon Institute of Technology], Myanmar Engineers (Australia), the Asian Institute of Technology (Thailand), and some Myanmar private companies.

Completed in early November, the 223 square metre school is custom-designed to resist tropical storms and earthquakes, as well as accommodate over 350 people in a disaster, according to Than Myint, president of the Myanmar Engineering Society.

Government and humanitarian agencies are also planning to establish multi-purpose cyclone shelters in the worst-hit areas of Yangon and Ayeyarwady divisions, with plans to build over a dozen multi-purpose shelters in Bogale, Labutta, Pinzalu, Dedaye and Kunchangone townships in early 2009.

Such facilities will have the capacity to accommodate 500-1,500 people, according to the Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement.

The buildings would be purpose-built schools or offices that would be converted into shelters during times of disaster.

UNICEF to build storm-resistant schools

Meanwhile, a UN Children’s Fund (UNICEF) official said they would build seven quake and storm-resistant schools in cyclone-hit regions.

Other NGOs that have pledged to build multi-purpose cyclone shelters include the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Myanmar’s Forest Resource Environment Development and Conservation Association (FREDA), Muslim Aid, and World Concern.

Starting in November 2009, JICA hopes to build over 20 such shelters with a budget of US$3.6 million. “Mainly, we’ll build school-cum-cyclone shelters in the most vulnerable places along the coastal area of Labutta township,” the head of the project told IRIN.

FREDA plans to build three cyclone shelters in Bogale, while Muslim Aid and World Concern are planning to build about four cyclone shelters in Pyapon and Labutta respectively.

Additionally, a group of Myanmar doctors will reportedly build several cyclone-shelters in Labutta area, the worst hit area.

Time running out

But experts fear that completion of many of these shelters will not be possible before the start of the next cyclone season in late April, early May.

“We have different kinds of challenges, such as funding and logistics,” said one NGO official.

Most villages in the badly affected Ayeyarwady Delta are only reachable by a myriad of inland waterways, using small boats.

During the dry season, as streams become shallower, boats laden with construction material would find it difficult to enter.

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Themes: (IRIN) Aid Policy, (IRIN) Natural Disasters

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